Table 3.
Significant Changes in Postoperative Quadriceps Measures After ACL Reconstruction Stratified by Intervention Type; Pooled Quadriceps Measures per Intervention Typea
| Total Patients (Experimental, Control) | Follow-up, Median (Range) | Pooled Quadriceps Outcomes per Interventionb | Significant Postoperative Quadriceps Changes, Studies/Patients (% Experimental Group) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perioperative femoral nerve blockc (4 studies) | |||
| 247 (120, 127) | 5.6 mo (0.2-10.3 mo) | Strength (–) | 2 studies/62 patients (51.7%) |
| Intraoperative tourniquet use (5 studies) | |||
| 196 (102, 94) | 6.8 wk (1 d to 6 mo) | EMG values (–) | 1 study/31 patients (60.8%) |
| Muscle structure (–) | 1 study/14 patients (100%) | ||
| Leg circumference (–) | 2 studies/55 patients (73.3%) | ||
| Postoperative supplement use (3 studies) | |||
| 125 (62, 63) | 3.3 mo (3 wk to 6 mo) | Leg circumference (+) | 1 study/22 patients (68.8%) |
| Postoperative blood flow restriction training (3 studies) | |||
| 84 (42, 42) | 6.8 wk (2-16 wk) | Extensor cross-sectional area (+) | 3 studies/30 patients (71.4%) |
| Strength (+) | 1 study/22 patients (100%) | ||
aACL, anterior cruciate ligament; EMG, electromyography.
bA minus symbol indicates that the outcome was associated with decreases in quadriceps measurements postoperatively. A plus symbol indicates that the outcome was associated with increases in quadriceps measurements postoperatively.
cAll nerve block studies compared patients who had femoral nerve blocks versus patients with no nerve blocks or adductor canal blocks; femoral nerve block denoted experimental group.