Table 3.

Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) for Mobility Limitation and Disability According to Vitamin K Status in the Health ABC Study

	Events/n	Plasma Phylloquinone < 0.5 nmol/L	Plasma Phylloquinone 0.5–< 1.0 nmol/L	Plasma Phylloquinone ≥ 1.0 nmol/L	p-Trend*
Incident mobility limitation
Unadjusted	902/1323	1.23(1.03–1.46)	1.05(0.90–1.21)	1.00	.033
Model 2†	847/1247	1.27(1.05–1.53)	1.15(0.98–1.34)	1.00	.008
Model 3‡	819/1216	1.27(1.05–1.53)	1.12(0.95–1.31)	1.00	.013
Additionally adjusted for knee pain	818/1215	1.20(0.99–1.45)	1.11(0.94–1.30)	1.00	.051
Incident mobility disability
Unadjusted	409/1322	1.14(0.88–1.47)	1.03(0.83–1.28)	1.00	.357
Model 2†	388/1247	1.31(1.00–1.73)	1.10(0.87–1.38)	1.00	.057
Model 3‡	376/1220	1.34(1.01–1.76)	1.08(0.85–1.37)	1.00	.053
Additionally adjusted for knee pain	376/1220	1.26(0.96–1.67)	1.03(0.82–1.31)	1.00	.127
	Events/n	Plasma ucMGP <297 pmol/L	Plasma ucMGP 297–582 pmol/L	Plasma ucMGP ≥583 pmol/L	p-Trend*
Incident mobility limitation
Unadjusted	523/716	1.00	0.96(0.78–1.19)	1.01(0.82–1.24)	.960
Model 2†	493/675	1.00	0.94(0.75–1.17)	0.96(0.77–1.21)	.744
Model 3‡	484/663	1.00	0.96(0.77–1.20)	0.99(0.78–1.25)	.948
Additionally adjusted for knee pain	484/663	1.00	0.99(0.79–1.24)	1.03(0.81–1.31)	.781
Incident mobility disability
Unadjusted	254/715	1.00	1.43(1.06–1.94)	1.10(0.86–1.39)	.031§
Model 2†	243/674	1.00	1.51(1.10–2.07)	1.11(0.78–1.56)	.006§
Model 3‡	237/658	1.00	1.58(1.14–2.18)	1.15(0.81–1.63)	.003§
Additionally adjusted for knee pain	237/658	1.00	1.64(1.19–2.27)	1.17(0.83–1.66)	.001§

Notes: *Trend was tested using an ordinal variable for plasma phylloquinone category and ucMGP tertile.

^†Adjusted for age, race, site, body mass index, education, triglycerides, IL-6, eGFR, prevalent cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cognitive function (3MS score).

^‡Adjusted for covariates in model 2 plus healthy eating index, smoking status.

^§Model also included quadratic term (ucMGP tertile × ucMGP tertile), all quadratic term p ≤ .045.