Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Overall and by Cognitive Status Group†
| Variable | Overall (n = 345) | Normal (n = 293) | MCI (n = 40) | Dementia (n = 12) | p Value* | |
| % Female | 52 | 54 | 45 | 33 | .13 | |
| % Caucasian | 77 | 80 | 58 | 58 | .00 | |
| % Visual impairment | 30 | 27 | 55 | 17 | .01 | |
| % with neuropathy | 6 | 5 | 8 | 17 | .16 | |
| Age (y) | 76.88 (6.45) 65–93 |
76.31 (6.19) 65–93 |
79.45 (6.59) 70–93 |
82.42 (7.89) 72–92 |
.00 | |
| Education (y) | 14.92 (2.97) 5–21 |
15.02 (2.93) 5–21 |
14.75 (2.80) 9–21 |
13.08 (4.19) 2–19 |
.14 | |
| GHS (0–10) | 1.12 (0.96) 0–4 |
1.10 (0.95) 0–4 |
1.35 (0.95) 0–3 |
0.75 (1.06) 0–3 |
.45 | |
| RBANS total | 93.44 (12.12) 62–132 |
96.09 (10.51) 73–132 |
80.28 (9.37) 65–104 |
72.50 (7.62) 62–83 |
.00 | |
| Immediate Memory Index | 100.45 (11.88) 65–138 |
102.38 (10.79) 81–138 |
92.70 (11.14) 70–119 |
79.17 (8.41) 65–94 |
.00 | |
| Delayed Memory Index | 95.07 (11.59) 62–132 |
97.20 (10.41) 65–132 |
84.03 (11.16) 62–118 |
79.92 (8.39) 65–100 |
.00 | |
| Visual Spatial Index | 91.66 (13.30) 62–130 |
93.30 (13.03) 62–130 |
82.85 (11.47) 65–104 |
80.92 (10.93) 62–97 |
.00 | |
| Language Index | 93.03 (9.97) 62–121 |
94.54 (9.08) 62–121 |
85.98 (10.09) 62–115 |
79.58 (10.93) 65–94 |
.00 | |
| Attention Index | 100.93 (14.07) 62–138 |
103.11 (13.33) 62–138 |
89.68 (11.22) 70–111 |
85.25 (13.10) 62–101 |
.00 | |
| Overall RT (ms) | 405.21 (112.62) 243–1,061 |
395.40 (105.16) 243–1,061 |
447.64 (126.85) 275–781 |
503.24 (162.54) 334–897 |
.00 | |
| Somatosensory RT (ms) | 444.28 (121.53) 252–1,073 |
434.84 (113.03) 252–1,067 |
483.42 (136.37) 285–848 |
544.44 (194.64) 357–1,073 |
.00 | |
| Visual RT (ms) | 405.94 (118.40) 233–1,050 |
394.57 (107.37) 233–1,027 |
460.93 (155.87) 296–1,050 |
500.21 (148.55) 335–785 |
.00 | |
| Multisensory VS RT (ms) | 366.28 (113.42) 213–1,086 |
356.96 (107.33) 213–1,086 |
403.39 (118.43) 246–702 |
470.15 (166.31) 310–867 |
.00 | |
| VS integration | 0.03 (0.14) −0.36 to 0.46 |
0.04 (0.14) −0.33 to 0.46 |
−0.01 (0.11) −0.32 to 0.29 |
−0.04 (0.15) −0.36 to 0.28 |
.00 | |
| Unipedal stance time (s) | 14.52 (11.20) 0–30 |
15.10 (11.29) 0–30 |
11.67 (9.49) 0–30 |
9.89 (12.59) 0–30 |
.02 | |
| Velocity (cm/s) | 100.01 (21.63) 47–167 |
102.63 (21.18) 49–167 |
85.70 (16.84) 52–125 |
83.71 (22.28) 47–119 |
.00 | |
| Stride length (cm) | 116.82 (18.84) 66–165 |
119.08 (18.32) 66–165 |
103.83 (16.36) 70–134 |
104.97 (18.38) 70–138 |
.00 | |
| Double support % | 31.45 (4.85) 18–48 |
31.03 (4.77) 18–48 |
33.88 (4.45) 27–41 |
33.66 (5.60) 28–43 |
.00 |
Notes: GHS = Global Health Score; RBANS = Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; RT = reaction time; VS = visual-somatosensory.
†Values are presented as mean ± SD and range for continuous variables and % for dichotomous variable.
*Between-group (Cognitive Status) one-way analysis of variance results.