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. 2018 Nov 8;75(4):621–630. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gly256

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Pharmacological treatment with acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG) protected against fasting-induced muscle atrophy in Ghrl–/– mice. AG and UAG pharmacological treatment of 20-month-old Ghrl–/– mice under 48-hour fasting. (A) Relative MyoD, myogenin, Atroigin-1, and MuRF-1 in gastrocnemius muscle (GM), n = 5–6. (B) Relative PGC-1α, p21, Mylpf, Acta1, Tnni2 expression in GM, n = 5–6. (C) Relative expression of genes in insulin signaling pathway (IRS-1, IRS-2, Akt1) and AMPKa1, n = 5–6. (D) Western blots probed for IRS-1, p-AMPK, and AMPK proteins, n = 3. (E–G) Serum from saline, AG- or UAG-treated 20-month-old Ghrl–/– mice under 48-hour fasting was analyzed: (E) arginine; (F) taurine; (G) threonine levels, n = 4. (H) Relative Arg II expression in GM, n = 5–6. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p <0.05 versus saline control, analysis of variance/Bonferroni Correction.