Table 4.
The Association of Physical Activity, Other Clinical Covariates and the Annual Rate of Change in Parkinsonism (n = 889)a
| Term | Model A | Model B | Model C | Model D | Model E | Model F | Model G | Model H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total daily physical activity × Time | −0.010 (0.005, 0.036) |
−0.007 (0.005, 0.124) |
−0.102 (0.005, 0.030) |
−0.012 (0.005, 0.016) |
−0.006 (0.005, 0.202) |
−0.010 (0.005, 0.029) |
−0.007 (0.005, 0.154) |
−0.004 (0.005, 0.387) |
| Global motor × Time | −0.055 (0.036, 0.119) |
−0.047 (0.040, 0.235) |
||||||
| Self-report physical activity × Time | 0.001 (0.002, 0.768) |
−0.000 (0.002, 0.895) |
−0.000 (0.002, 0.978) |
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| Self-report social activity × Time | −0.006 (0.012, 0.641) |
−0.005 (0.012, 0.708) |
−0.001 (0.013, 0.966) |
|||||
| Self-report cognitive activity × Time | −0.025 (0.012, 0.035) |
−0.204 (0.013, 0.103) |
−0.022 (0.013, 0.090) |
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| Body mass index × Time | −0.002 (0.001, 0.270) |
−0.002 (0.001, 0.255) |
−0.001 (0.002, 0.329) |
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| Vascular risk factors × Time | 0.001 (0.001, 0.895) |
0.002 (0.009, 0.793) |
0.003 (0.009, 0.740) |
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| Vascular diseases × Time | −0.001 (0.010, 0.602) |
−0.004 (0.010, 0.676) |
−0.004 (0.005, 0.399) |
|||||
| Global cognition × Time | −0.041 (0.014, 0.002) |
−0.047 (0.016, 0.004) |
−0.039 (0.017, 0.022) |
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| Depressive symptoms × Time | 0.002 (0.004, 0.708) |
0.003 (0.005, 0.508) |
0.004 (0.005, 0.399) |
|||||
| Any E4 × Time | 0.000 (0.016, 0.988) |
0.010 (0.016, 0.551) |
0.013 (0.017, 0.436) |
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| Dementia × Time | −0.003 (0.037, 0.938) |
−0.063 (0.045, 0.160) |
−0.063 (0.045, 0.166) |
aEach column shows the results of a single mixed-effect model which examines the association of total daily physical activity with the annual rate of change in parkinsonism alone (Model A) or when terms for other clinical covariates are also included (Models B–H). The cells in each column shows the estimate (standard error and p value) and shows only the model terms which highlight the association of total daily physical activity with the annual rate of change in parkinsonism alone and when terms for other clinical covariates listed on the left are included in the model. Each model (A–H) included an additional eight terms which are not shown including a term for Time (the annual rate of change in parkinsonism) and six terms which controlled for age, sex, education, and their interaction with time and the cross-sectional association of the clinical covariate shown in the left column with baseline parkinsonism (not shown).