Table 3.

Multinomial Logistic Regression Models of the Cross-Sectional Relationship between Frailty and Vision Measures: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

	Presenting visual acuitya,b (n = 2,458)			Best corrected visual acuitya,c (n = 2,292)
	Odds Ratio (OR)	95% Confidence Interval (CI)	p-value	Odds Ratio (OR)	95% Confidence Interval (CI)	p-value
Prefrail
No VI	Reference	—	—	Reference	—	—
VI	3.15	1.89–5.26	<.001	5.67	1.97–16.38	.002
Frail
No VI	Reference	—	—	Reference	—	—
VI	3.66	1.46–9.19	.007	2.36	0.71–7.83	.153

Note: Analyses restricted to participants with overlapping propensity score ranges across vision impairment groups (sample sizes as shown for each cohort study), and regression models inverse probability weighted using the product of study survey weights and inverse propensity scores (survey weight × [1/PS]). Bold values denote statistical significance at p < .05 level.

^aAdjusted for: age (cubic spline), sex, race, smoking status, diabetic status, total number of comorbidities.

^bNo VI (visual impairment) defined as presenting visual acuity ≥20/40 in better-seeing eye. VI defined as presenting visual acuity <20/40 in better-seeing eye.

^cNo VI defined as best corrected, better-seeing eye visual acuity ≥20/40. VI defined as best corrected, better-seeing eye visual acuity <20/40.