Table 1.
Characteristics of the Analytic Sample (n = 1,274) at Baseline Assessment of the Beaver Dam Offspring Study (2005–2008)
| Age, yrs, M (SD) | 48.7 (8.4) |
| Sex, n (%) | |
| Women | 656 (51.5) |
| Men | 618 (48.5) |
| Income, n (%) | |
| $0–49k | 381 (29.9) |
| $50–99k | 648 (50.9) |
| $100k– | 245 (19.2) |
| Education, n (%) | |
| 12 years or less | 404 (31.7) |
| 13 years or more | 870 (68.3) |
| Smoking, n (%) | |
| Never | 698 (54.8) |
| Former | 380 (29.8) |
| Current | 196 (15.4) |
| CVD, n (%) | 75 (5.9) |
| Exercise at least once a week, n (%) | 762(59.8) |
| Occupational noise exposure, n (%) | 531 (41.7) |
| Loop diuretics intake, n (%) | 8 (0.6) |
| Heavy drinking, n (%) | 225 (17.7) |
| Depression, n (%) | 304 (23.9) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 62 (4.9) |
| History of chemotherapy, n (%) | 15 (1.2) |
| Intima-media thickness, mm, M (SD) | 0.7 (0.1) |
| hsCRP, mg/L, M (SD) | 2.7 (4.6) |
| IL-6, pg/mL, M (SD) | 2.5 (5.4) |
| N-HDL-C, mg/dL, M (SD) | 154.5 (37.4) |
| Body mass index, M (SD) | 30.4 (6.5) |
| Years of musical training, M (SD) | 4.4 (8.9) |
| PTA, dBHL, M (SD) | 8.9 (8.5) |
| WRCM, %correct, M (SD) | 64.5 (13.9) |
| TMT B, s, M (SD) | 64.1 (25.0) |
Note: CVD = history of cardiovascular disease; dBHL = decibel hearing level; hsCRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6 = interleukin-6; M = mean; N-HDL-C = non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PTA = pure-tone average 0.5–4 kHz; SD = standard deviation; TMT = trail-making test; WRCM = word recognition in competing message.