Table 1.
List of liver-to-pancreas reprogramming studies
| Species | Cell source | System | Reprogramming strategy | In vivo functional outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse | Adult liver cells | In vivo | Pdx1 (Ad) | Amelioration of hyperglycemia | Ferber et al. 2000 |
| Mouse | Adult liver cells | In vivo | Pdx1 (Ad) | Amelioration of hyperglycemia | Ber et al. 2003 |
| Mouse | Adult liver cells | In vivo | NeuroD1 (HDAd), betacellulin | Amelioration of hyperglycemia | Kojima et al. 2003 |
| Mouse | Adult liver cells | In vivo | Pdx1 (OE in Alb-Cre mice) | n.d. | Miyatsuka et al. 2003 |
| Mouse | Adult liver cells | In vivo | Pdx1, Ngn3 (AAV8) | No amelioration of hyperglycemia | Wang et al. 2007 |
| Mouse | Adult liver: hepatocytes and oval cells | In vivo | Ngn3 (HDAd), betacellulin | Transient expression of insulin | Yechoor et al. 2009 |
| Mouse | Hepatic ducts | In vivo | Pdx1, Ngn3, MafA (Ad) | Long-term reversal of hyperglycemia | Banga et al. 2012 |
| Mouse | Adult liver cells | In vivo | Pdx1, NeuroD1, MafA (Ad) | Short-term reversal of hyperglycemia | Nagasaki et al. 2014 |
| Mouse | Adult liver cells | In vivo | Ngn3 (HDAd), betacellulin, Socs1 | Long-term reversal of hyperglycemia | Li et al. 2015 |
| Xenopus and human | Immature liver of transgenic tadpoles (TTR-Xlhbox8) and HepG2 | In vivo and in vitro | Pdx1–VP16 | n.d. | Horb et al. 2003 |
| Mouse | Adult primary hepatocytes and BAML | In vivo and in vitro | Tgif2 (Lv and AAV8) | Amelioration of hyperglycemia | Cerdá-Esteban et al. 2017 |
| Mouse | Hepatic oval cell line | In vitro | Pdx1–VP16, exposure to high glucose | Amelioration of hyperglycemia | Cao et al. 2004 |
| Mouse | Adult primary hepatocytes | In vitro | NeuroD, Ngn3, Pax4 (Ad), HGF, betacellulin, dexamethasone (-) | n.d. | Yatoh et al. 2007 |
| Mouse | Embryonic liver cells | In vitro | Pdx1, Ngn3, MafA (Ad) | n.d. | Yang et al. 2013 |
| Rat | Liver stem cells (oval) | In vitro | High glucose | Amelioration of hyperglycemia | Yang et al. 2002 |
| Rat | Liver epithelial WB cells (stem-cell like) | In vitro | Pdx1–VP16, Pax4 (Lv) | Amelioration of hyperglycemia | Tang et al. 2006 |
| Rat | Liver epithelial WB cells (stem-cell like) | In vitro | 5-AZA, TSA, RA, insulin, transferrin, and selenite (ITS) and nicotinamide | Amelioration of hyperglycemia | Liu et al. 2013 |
| Human | Fetal liver cells | In vitro | hTERT, Pdx1 (Lv) | Amelioration of hyperglycemia | Zalzman et al. 2003 |
| Human | Adult and fetal liver cells | In vitro | Pdx1 (Ad), nicotinamide, EGF | Amelioration of hyperglycemia | Sapir et al. 2005 |
| Human | Adult liver cells | In vitro | Pdx1, Nkx6.1 (Ad) | n.d. | Gefen-Halevi et al. 2010 |
| Human | Adult liver cells | In vitro | Pdx1 (Lv) | n.d. | Meivar-Levy et al. 2011 |
| Human | Hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Huh7) | In vitro | Pdx1, Pdx1–VP16, Ngn3 (Lv) | n.d. | Donelan et al. 2015 |
| Pig | Neonatal liver cells | In vitro | Pdx1–VP16, Beta2/NeuroD1, MafA (Ad) | Amelioration of hyperglycemia | Ham et al. 2013 |
List of published strategies used for direct lineage reprogramming of hepatic cells into pancreatic cells.
(Lv) lentivirus, (AAV) adeno-associated virus, (Ad) adenovirus, (HDAd) helper-dependant adenoviral vectors, (OE) overexpression, (n.d.) not determined.