Table 2.
Association between study adults engaging in physical activities according to 2018 physical activity guidelines for Americans and all cause and cause specific mortality. Values are hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) unless stated otherwise
| Causes of death | Types of physical activity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insufficient aerobic or muscle strengthening (n=268 193) | Muscle strengthening only (n=21 428) | Aerobic only (n=113 851) | Aerobic and muscle strengthening (n=76 384) | |
| All causes | ||||
| No of deaths: | 43 798 | 2483 | 10 188 | 3350 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.78 to 0.86) | 0.62 (0.61 to 0.64) | 0.48 (0.47 to 0.50) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.86 to 0.95) | 0.69 (0.68 to 0.71) | 0.58 (0.56 to 0.61) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.94) | 0.71 (0.69 to 0.72) | 0.60 (0.57 to 0.62) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | ||||
| No of deaths: | 10 242 | 539 | 2134 | 594 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.73 (0.66 to 0.82) | 0.55 (0.52 to 0.58) | 0.38 (0.34 to 0.42) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.94) | 0.62 (0.59 to 0.66) | 0.48 (0.44 to 0.53) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.74 to 0.92) | 0.65 (0.62 to 0.69) | 0.50 (0.46 to 0.56) |
| Cancer | ||||
| No of deaths: | 9974 | 593 | 2855 | 953 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.71 to 0.87) | 0.70 (0.67 to 0.73) | 0.50 (0.46 to 0.54) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.78 to 0.96) | 0.76 (0.73 to 0.80) | 0.61 (0.56 to 0.65) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.77 to 0.95) | 0.76 (0.73 to 0.80) | 0.60 (0.56 to 0.65) |
| Chronic lower respiratory tract diseases | ||||
| No of deaths: | 2604 | 135 | 349 | 100 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.53 to 0.80) | 0.34 (0.30 to 0.39) | 0.21 (0.16 to 0.26) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.63 to 0.95) | 0.40 (0.36 to 0.46) | 0.29 (0.23 to 0.37) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.93) | 0.42 (0.37 to 0.47) | 0.29 (0.23 to 0.37) |
| Accidents and injuries | ||||
| No of deaths: | 1586 | 125 | 525 | 241 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.80 to 1.24) | 0.74 (0.65 to 0.83) | 0.59 (0.50 to 0.70) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.88 to 1.36) | 0.82 (0.72 to 0.93) | 0.70 (0.59 to 0.84) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.35) | 0.82 (0.73 to 0.93) | 0.71 (0.60 to 0.84) |
| Alzheimer’s disease | ||||
| No of deaths: | 1091 | 63 | 250 | 66 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.62 to 1.18) | 0.71 (0.61 to 0.84) | 0.60 (0.46 to 0.79) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.65 to 1.25) | 0.73 (0.62 to 0.86) | 0.63 (0.47 to 0.84) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.64 to 1.23) | 0.74 (0.62 to 0.87) | 0.64 (0.48 to 0.86) |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| No of deaths: | 1407 | 71 | 256 | 69 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.55 to 0.95) | 0.44 (0.37 to 0.51) | 0.26 (0.19 to 0.34) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.71 to 1.24) | 0.57 (0.48 to 0.67) | 0.41 (0.31 to 0.54) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.73 to 1.27) | 0.63 (0.53 to 0.74) | 0.47 (0.36 to 0.62) |
| Influenza and pneumonia | ||||
| No of deaths: | 890 | 47 | 151 | 47 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.77 (0.55 to 1.10) | 0.47 (0.38 to 0.58) | 0.36 (0.26 to 0.50) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.63 to 1.25) | 0.54 (0.43 to 0.67) | 0.45 (0.32 to 0.63) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.62 to 1.24) | 0.55 (0.44 to 0.68) | 0.46 (0.32 to 0.64) |
| Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, or nephrosis | ||||
| No of deaths: | 895 | 44 | 142 | 48 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.60 (0.42 to 0.86) | 0.38 (0.32 to 0.47) | 0.36 (0.25 to 0.52) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.51 to 1.03) | 0.46 (0.37 to 0.55) | 0.49 (0.34 to 0.71) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.50 to 1.01) | 0.48 (0.40 to 0.59) | 0.52 (0.36 to 0.76) |
Model 1: Adjusted for sex, age, and race/ethnicity.
Model 2: Model 1+education, marital status, body mass index, smoking status, and alcohol intake.
Model 3: Model 2+chronic conditions.