Table 3.
Subgroup analyses of association between study adults engaging in physical activities according to 2018 physical activity guidelines for Americans and all cause mortality. Values are hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals)
| Subgroups | Types of physical activity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insufficient aerobic or muscle strengthening | Muscle strengthening only | Aerobic only | Aerobic and muscle strengthening | |
| Age group (years): | ||||
| 18-39 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.15) | 0.79 (0.71 to 0.87) | 0.71 (0.63 to 0.79) |
| 40-59 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.06) | 0.76 (0.72 to 0.80) | 0.61 (0.56 to 0.67) |
| ≥60 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.92) | 0.69 (0.67 to 0.71) | 0.58 (0.55 to 0.61) |
| Sex: | ||||
| Men | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.97) | 0.72 (0.70 to 0.74) | 0.61 (0.58 to 0.64) |
| Women | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.95) | 0.69 (0.67 to 0.72) | 0.57 (0.53 to 0.61) |
| Race/ethnicity: | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.94) | 0.70 (0.68 to 0.71) | 0.59 (0.56 to 0.61) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.06) | 0.75 (0.69 to 0.81) | 0.61 (0.53 to 0.70) |
| Hispanic | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.77 to 1.13) | 0.83 (0.75 to 0.90) | 0.70 (0.60 to 0.81) |
| Other | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.60 to 1.06) | 0.78 (0.67 to 0.92) | 0.82 (0.66 to 1.03) |
| Education: | ||||
| <High school | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.78 to 0.95) | 0.72 (0.68 to 0.75) | 0.64 (0.57 to 0.70) |
| High school | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.99) | 0.71 (0.68 to 0.74) | 0.63 (0.58 to 0.68) |
| >High school | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.84 to 0.98) | 0.71 (0.68 to 0.73) | 0.60 (0.57 to 0.63) |
| Marital status: | ||||
| Married | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) | 0.71 (0.69 to 0.73) | 0.60 (0.57 to 0.64) |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.94) | 0.69 (0.66 to 0.72) | 0.58 (0.54 to 0.61) |
| Never married | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.81 to 1.10) | 0.75 (0.69 to 0.81) | 0.59 (0.53 to 0.67) |
| Body mass index category: | ||||
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.79 to 0.92) | 0.70 (0.67 to 0.72) | 0.53 (0.50 to 0.57) |
| Overweight | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.01) | 0.71 (0.68 to 0.74) | 0.64 (0.60 to 0.68) |
| Obese | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.02) | 0.73 (0.69 to 0.78) | 0.69 (0.63 to 0.76) |
| Smoking status: | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.02) | 0.72 (0.69 to 0.75) | 0.64 (0.60 to 0.68) |
| Former | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) | 0.67 (0.65 to 0.70) | 0.55 (0.51 to 0.58) |
| Current | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.75 to 0.96) | 0.77 (0.73 to 0.81) | 0.66 (0.60 to 0.73) |
| Alcohol intake: | ||||
| Lifetime abstainer | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.93 to 1.16) | 0.72 (0.68 to 0.76) | 0.62 (0.56 to 0.69) |
| Former drinker | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99) | 0.65 (0.62 to 0.68) | 0.62 (0.57 to 0.68) |
| Light to moderate | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) | 0.74 (0.71 to 0.76) | 0.62 (0.59 to 0.66) |
| Heavy | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.55 to 0.89) | 0.75 (0.67 to 0.84) | 0.51 (0.42 to 0.61) |
| Chronic conditions: | ||||
| None | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.83 to 1.00) | 0.77 (0.74 to 0.80) | 0.66 (0.62 to 0.71) |
| Any chronic conditions | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.95) | 0.66 (0.65 to 0.68) | 0.55 (0.52 to 0.58) |
| Hypertension | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.86 to 0.97) | 0.69 (0.67 to 0.72) | 0.59 (0.55 to 0.63) |
| Heart disease | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.98) | 0.66 (0.63 to 0.70) | 0.56 (0.52 to 0.60) |
| Stroke | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.79 to 1.06) | 0.65 (0.59 to 0.71) | 0.74 (0.64 to 0.86) |
| Cancer | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.79 to 0.96) | 0.63 (0.59 to 0.67) | 0.51 (0.46 to 0.56) |
| Diabetes | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.10) | 0.68 (0.64 to 0.72) | 0.60 (0.53 to 0.67) |
Cox proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, and chronic conditions when appropriate.