Table 1.

An example of the qualitative content analysis process in this study

Meaning unit	Condensation	Code	Category	Theme
It is mentioned … that it pays to quit smoking 6 weeks before surgery to prevent sore infection	Mention that it pays to quit smoking to prevent sore infection	Recommend quit smoking	The healthcare staff informs and explains	The healthcare staff have one‐way communication
If you stay for another day you will get pneumonia, I used to say (to motivate the patient to participate in preventing HAI). As a pure scare propaganda. That´s what people believe in	Scares the patient to get up to avoid pneumonia	Scares the patient	The healthcare staff exhort and enforce