Table 1.
Periodontal disease and total (incident) cancer estimates
| Author(s), year, ref. no. | Research design |
Study participants N (M/F) |
Periodontal disease measure |
Cancer cases N |
Total cancer MV adjusted HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michaud et al, 20081 |
Cohort (United States) HPFS |
48 375 (M) | History of periodontal disease with bone loss | 5720 |
1.14 (1.07‐1.22) Significant associations observed for cancers of lung, kidney, and pancreas, and hematological cancers |
|
Tooth loss 17‐24 teeth 0‐16 teeth Reference group: 25‐32 teeth |
5720 |
0.95 (0.88‐1.02) 1.09 (0.99‐1.20) |
|||
| Arora et al, 20102 |
Cohort (Sweden) Swedish twins |
15 333 (M/F) | History of tooth mobility | 4361 |
1.15 (1.01‐1.32) Increased risks noted for cancers of the corpus uterine, colorectum, pancreas, and prostate |
| Hiraki et al, 20083 | Case‐control (Japan) | 15 720 (M/F) | Tooth loss using a self‐administered questionnaire | 5240 |
Overall cancer risk not assessed. Significant positive associations for risk of head and neck, esophageal, and lung cancers |
| Wen et al, 20148 | Cohort (Taiwan) | 153 566 (M/F) |
Evidence of periodontitis or gingivitis via insurance claims database. Reference group: individuals with gingivitis |
3594 |
1.05 (1.00‐1.11) Higher risk of developing oral cancer |
| Nwizu et al, 20174 |
Cohort (United States) WHI‐OS Study |
65 869 (F) | Self‐reported history of periodontal disease | 7149 |
1.14 (1.08‐1.20) Positive associations recorded for breast, lung, esophagus, gall bladder, and melanoma skin cancers |
| Michaud et al, 20165 |
Cohort (United States) HPFS Study |
19 933 (M) | Self‐reported history of periodontal disease | 2959 |
1.13 (1.01‐1.27) 2.5‐fold increased risk in smoking‐related cancers (lung, bladder, oropharyngeal, esophageal, kidney, stomach, and liver cancers) seen in those with advanced periodontitis (data based on never‐smokers only) |
| Michaud et al, 20186 |
Cohort (United States) ARIC Study |
7466 (M/F) | CALs and a combination of CAL and PD, based on the CDC/AAP standardized clinical case definition | 1648 |
1.24 (1.07‐1.44) For severe periodontitis vs no/mild periodontitis. Increased risks also noted for lung and colorectal cancers |
Abbreviations: ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study; CAL, clinical attachment level; CDC/AAP, Center for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology; HPFS, Health Professional Follow‐Up Study; M/F, Male/Female; MV adjusted HR (95% CI), multivariate‐adjusted model hazard ratio (95% confidence interval); N, number of valid responses; PD, probing depth; ref. no., reference citation number; WHI‐OS, Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.