Table 1.
Models describing the effect of dietary antioxidants (diet[A] = anthocyanin) versus controls, reference group) on different response variables measured immediately after flight (time[F]) and at rest (reference group) and during autumn (season[autumn]) and spring (reference group) (figures 1b, 2a–c). Asterisks indicate the significance level of random factors as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
| variable (n/ R2Adj) | fixed effect |
random effects |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| estimate (s.e.) | d.f. | F | p | factor | % of total variance | var. comp. | |
| cort (92/0.64) | |||||||
| time [F] | 0.61 (0.08) | 47.67 | 65.04 | <0.0001 | ID | 11.98 | 0.08 [−0.10,0.26] |
| diet[A] | −0.20 (0.09) | 44.48 | 5.04 | 0.029 | assay | 15.86 | 0.11 [−0.09,0.31] |
| time[F]*diet[A] | −0.20 (0.07) | 48.01 | 6.77 | 0.012 | residual | 72.16 | 0.49 [0.33,0.79] |
| muscle mass | −0.21 (0.08) | 70.54 | 6.25 | 0.015 | |||
| season[autumn] | 0.04 (0.13) | 26.22 | 0.097 | 0.76 | |||
| body mass (107/0.96) | |||||||
| time [F] | −0.13 (0.03) | 51.12 | 24.56 | <0.0001 | ID | 92.08 | 0.86 [0.51,1.21]*** |
| diet[A] | −0.005 (0.13) | 51.04 | 0.001 | 0.97 | residual | 7.92 | 0.07 [0.05,0.11] |
| time[F]*Diet[A] | −0.02 (0.03) | 51.12 | 0.82 | 0.37 | |||
| season[autumn] | −0.23 (0.13) | 51.00 | 3.07 | 0.09 | |||
| fat score (108/0.53) | |||||||
| time [F] | −0.30 (0.08) | 52.00 | 14.06 | <0.001 | ID | 33.87 | 0.36 [0.05,0.66]* |
| diet[A] | −0.02 (0.11) | 51.00 | 0.04 | 0.85 | residual | 66.13 | 0.70 [0.49,1.07] |
| time[F]*diet[A] | −0.03 (0.08) | 52.00 | 0.10 | 0.75 | |||
| season[autumn] | −0.05 (0.12) | 51.00 | 0.16 | 0.69 | |||
| muscle mass (107/0.74) | |||||||
| time [F] | −0.08 (0.06) | 51.71 | 1.66 | 0.20 | ID | 58.32 | 0.62 [0.29,0.96]** |
| diet[A] | −0.05 (0.13) | 51.28 | 0.14 | 0.71 | residual | 40.68 | 0.43 [0.30,0.66] |
| time[F]*diet[A] | 0.006 (0.06) | 51.71 | 0.009 | 0.93 | |||
| season[autumn] | 0.02 (0.13) | 51.11 | 0.02 | 0.90 | |||