Table 3. Poisson regression model for factors associated with early childhood caries in 0-5-year-old children (N = 1,549).
| Variables | Model 1 APR (95% CI) | p-value | Model 2 APR (95% CI) | p-value | Model 3 APR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight | ||||||
| Not underweight | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Underweight | 0.49(0.23–1.05) | 0.066 | 0.46(0.21–0.99) | 0.048 | 0.44(0.19–1.02) | 0.056 |
| Stunted | ||||||
| Not stunted | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Stunted | 1.37(0.69–2.71) | 0.369 | 1.45(0.72–2.91) | 0.296 | 1.38(0.67–2.88) | 0.384 |
| Wasted/Overweight | ||||||
| Normal | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Wasted | 1.36(0.78–2.36) | 0.282 | 1.59(0.91–2.80) | 0.105 | 1.66(0.92–2.99) | 0.094 |
| Overweight | 0.38(0.12–1.19) | 0.095 | 0.43(0.14–1.37) | 0.156 | 0.49(0.15–1.59) | 0.236 |
| Enamel Defects | ||||||
| No lesion | 1 | - | 1 | - | ||
| Enamel hypoplasia | 3.30(1.47–7.42) | 0.004 | 4.15(1.96–8.80) | <0.001 | ||
| Fluorosis | 3.46(1.26–9.49) | 0.016 | 2.38(0.84–6.75) | 0.103 | ||
| Amelogenesis imperfecta | ** | <0.001 | ** | <0.001 | ||
| Oral Hygiene Status | ||||||
| Good | 1 | - | ||||
| Fair | 1.10(0.63–1.91) | 0.744 | ||||
| Poor | 2.16(0.84–5.56) | 0.110 | ||||
| Frequency of Daily Consumption of Sugar | ||||||
| <3 times daily | 1 | - | ||||
| ≥ 3 times daily | 1.51(0.81–2.81) | 0.200 | ||||
| Socio-Economic Status | ||||||
| High | 1 | - | ||||
| Middle | 1.12(0.58–2.88) | 0.736 | ||||
| Low | 1.57(0.80–3.11) | 0.191 | ||||
| Constant | 0.04(0.03–0.06) | <0.001 | 0.04 (0.03–0.06) | 0.000 | 0.03(0.01–0.05) | <0.001 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.07 | |||
APR: adjusted prevalence ratio, CI: confidence interval.
**Extremely large or too small estimates due to condition prevalence
Model 1: malnutrition
Model 2: Model 1 + enamel defects
Model 3: Model 2 + oral hygiene, sugar consumption and socioeconomic status