Table 4. Predictors of perceived risk to become ill when infected by coronavirus (N = 3,540).
| Low risk will become ill in next two months versus | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium risk will become ill | High risk will become ill | |||||
| n | % medium | aOR (95% CI) | n | % high | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Pre-outbreak respiratory problems | ||||||
| • no (ref.) | 2,603 | 22.2*** | 1 | 2,235 | 9.4*** | 1 |
| • yes | 564 | 31.4 | 1.42 (1.15–1.77)** | 549 | 29.5 | 2.75 (2.11–3.57)*** |
| Pre-outbreak heart problems | ||||||
| • no (ref.) | 3,014 | 23.5* | 1 | 2,609 | 11.6*** | 1 |
| • yes | 154 | 31.2 | 0.96 (0.66–1.41) | 175 | 39.4 | 1.97 (1.34–2.92)** |
| Pre-outbreak diabetes | ||||||
| • no (ref.) | 3,062 | 23.4* | 1 | 2,667 | 12.1*** | 1 |
| • yes | 105 | 35.2 | 1.30 (0.85–1.99) | 117 | 41.9 | 3.12 (2.02–4.82)*** |
| Pre-outbreak anxiety and depression symptoms | ||||||
| • no (ref.) | 2,537 | 22.7** | 1 | 2,211 | 11.3*** | 1 |
| • yes | 631 | 28.7 | 1.31 (1.04–1.63)* | 573 | 21.5 | 1.51 (1.12–2.03)** |
| Pre-outbreak loneliness | ||||||
| • no (ref.) | 2,508 | 22.8* | 2,180 | 11.2*** | 1 | |
| • yes | 659 | 27.6 | 1.18 (0.95–1.46) | 604 | 21.0 | 1.60 (1.21–2.13)** |
| Age (in years) | ||||||
| • 18–34 (ref.) | 897 | 15.5*** | 1 | 805 | 5.8*** | 1 |
| • 35–49 | 761 | 23.5 | 1.19 (0.90–1.56) | 658 | 11.6 | 1.52 (0.98–2.37) |
| • 50–64 | 803 | 25.2 | 1.22 (0.92–1.62) | 715 | 15.9 | 2.01 (1.29–3.12)** |
| • 65 or older | 708 | 33.2 | 1.17 (0.76–1.80) | 608 | 22.2 | 2.45 (1.32–4.57)** |
| Gender | ||||||
| • male (ref.) | 1,548 | 21.5** | 1,411 | 13.9 | 1 | |
| • female | 1,620 | 26.1 | 1.17 (0.98–1.40) | 1,373 | 12.8 | 0.86 (0.67–1.11) |
| Education | ||||||
| • high (ref.) | 1,326 | 19.8*** | 1,197 | 11.1*** | 1 | |
| • medium | 1,147 | 23.5 | 1.28 (1.05–1.56)* | 1,008 | 13.0 | 1.06 (0.80–1.41) |
| • low | 696 | 32.2 | 580 | 18.6 | 1.02 (0.74–1.41) | |
| Married | ||||||
| • yes (ref.) | 1,513 | 27.2*** | 1 | 1,294 | 14.8* | 1 |
| • no | 1,655 | 20.8 | 0.85 (0.71–1.03) | 1,490 | 12.1 | 0.97 (0.75–1.26) |
| Employment status | ||||||
| • paid employment | 1,657 | 20.9*** | 1 | 1,445 | 8.9*** | 1 |
| • self-employed | 178 | 21.9 | 1.05 (0.71–1.54) | 159 | 12.6 | 1.27 (0.74–2.16) |
| • job seeker | 68 | 23.5 | 1.03 (0.57–1.86) | 58 | 10.3 | 0.81 (0.31–2.08) |
| • student | 264 | 9.8 | 0.45 (0.28–0.72)** | 252 | 5.6 | 0.81 (0.42–1.57) |
| • housekeeping | 223 | 32.3 | 1.33 (0.94–1.88) | 184 | 17.9 | 1.57 (0.94–2.62) |
| • pensioner | 565 | 34.9 | 1.90 (1.26–2.87)** | 478 | 23.0 | 1.58 (0.90–2.77) |
| • (partial) work disab. | 105 | 38.1 | 1.75 (1.13–2.70)* | 114 | 43.0 | 3.57 (2.22–5.74)*** |
| • other | 109 | 23.9 | 0.98 (0.61–1.60) | 94 | 11.7 | 0.75 (0.36–1.56) |
| Period participation | ||||||
| • 0–4 days (ref.) | 1,674 | 20.4*** | 1 | 1,504 | 11.4*** | 1 |
| • 5–9 days | 458 | 24.2 | 1.18 (0.91–1.51) | 396 | 12.4 | 1.24 (0.86–1.78) |
| • 10–15 days | 1036 | 29.2 | 1.76 (1.46–2.12)*** | 885 | 17.2 | 2.10 (1.61–2.73)*** |
aOR = Odds Ratio adjusted for all other variables in table. 95 CI = 95% confidence interval of adjusted Odds ratio. Ref = reference category. Low risk = no to small chance (n = 2,412). Medium risk = between small and big chance (n = 757). High risk = big chance to absolute certain (n = 372). Results based on weighted data (gender, age, marital status). housekeeping = takes care of housekeeping. (partial) work disab. = has (partial) work disability. The asterisks near the percentages refer to the p-values of the chi-square tests, and the asterisks near the 95% CI’s refer to the p-values of the aOR’s.
* p < .05
** p < .01
*** p < .001.