Table 2.
Multivariable-Adjusted Regression Coefficients (95% CI) for Dental Caries Experience, Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, 2008–2011 (N = 14,517)
| Model 1 adjusted for field center, age and sex |
Model 2 adjusted for all covariates |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-coefficient | 95% CI | P-value | β-coefficient | 95% CI | P-value | |||
| AHEI, per 10 units* | −3.23 | −3.94 | −2.51 | <0.001 | −2.53 | −3.43 | −1.62 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 0.64 | 0.44 | 0.83 | <0.001 | 0.66 | 0.46 | 0.86 | <0.001 |
| Age squared | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Women | 4.95 | 4.01 | 5.88 | <0.001 | 5.69 | 4.64 | 6.73 | <0.001 |
| Men | Referent | Referent | ||||||
| Field center | ||||||||
| Bronx | Referent | Referent | ||||||
| Chicago | −2.30 | −3.77 | −0.83 | 0.002 | −0.06 | −1.62 | 1.50 | 0.942 |
| Miami | 1.34 | −0.18 | 2.86 | 0.083 | −3.53 | −5.63 | −1.43 | 0.001 |
| San Diego | −3.22 | −4.82 | −1.62 | <0.001 | 0.68 | −1.35 | 2.70 | 0.511 |
| Heritage group | ||||||||
| Dominican Republic | 5.98 | 4.04 | 7.92 | <0.001 | ||||
| Central American | 4.98 | 3.14 | 6.82 | <0.001 | ||||
| Cuban | 11.65 | 9.36 | 13.94 | <0.001 | ||||
| Mexican | Referent | |||||||
| Puerto Rican | 2.89 | 0.80 | 4.98 | 0.007 | ||||
| South American | 10.71 | 8.40 | 13.03 | <0.001 | ||||
| More than one, Other | 4.06 | 1.12 | 7.00 | 0.007 | ||||
| Annual household income | ||||||||
| ≤$15,000 | Referent | |||||||
| >$15,000–<$30,000 | −1.97 | −3.02 | −0.92 | <0.001 | ||||
| ≥$30,000 | −1.90 | −3.17 | −0.64 | 0.003 | ||||
| Unreported | −0.86 | −2.49 | 0.77 | 0.302 | ||||
| Educational attainment | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 0.65 | −0.40 | 1.69 | 0.225 | ||||
| ≥High school graduate | Referent | |||||||
| Health insurance | ||||||||
| Not insured | −1.17 | −2.02 | −0.31 | 0.007 | ||||
| Insured | Referent | |||||||
| Nativity | ||||||||
| US born | −0.80 | −2.19 | 0.58 | 0.253 | ||||
| Foreign born, ≥10 y in United States | 0.15 | −1.04 | 1.33 | 0.808 | ||||
| Foreign born, <10 y in United States | Referent | |||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| Underweight/normal, <25 | Referent | |||||||
| Overweight, 25–29.9 | −1.57 | −2.68 | −0.46 | 0.006 | ||||
| Obese, ≥30 | −0.79 | −1.91 | 0.34 | 0.170 | ||||
| Waist-hip ratio (sex specific) | ||||||||
| Low risk | Referent | |||||||
| High risk | 2.56 | 1.28 | 3.83 | <0.001 | ||||
| Constant | 4.13 | −0.16 | 8.41 | 0.059 | −2.72 | −8.48 | 3.05 | 0.355 |
Dental caries experience is quantified as the sum of the number of DMFS from 28 teeth assessed (third molars not examined). Model 2 additionally adjusts for heritage group, income, education, health insurance, nativity, body mass index and waist-hip ratio.
AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index; DMFS, decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces.
*
The continuous AHEI scale was rescaled in units of 10.