Table 6.
Factors associated with the presence of depression for children and adolescent during the COVID-19 outbreak (N = 3613).
| Variables | Frequency n (%) of respondents | Odds Ratio (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Depressed | Non-depressed | ||
| Smartphone addiction | |||
| No | 458(16.53%) | 2313(83.47%) | 1 |
| Yes | 349(41.45%) | 493(58.55%) | 1.411 (1.099–1.180) |
| Internet addiction | |||
| No | 672(19.79%) | 2723(80.21%) | 1 |
| Yes | 133(61.01%) | 85(38.99%) | 1.844 (1.209–2.811) |
| Residential areas | |||
| Others in China | 789 (22.00%) | 2797(78.00%) | 1 |
| Hubei Province | 16(59.26%) | 11(40.74%) | 3.107 (1.252–7.708) |
| Region | |||
| Rural | 314(17.31%) | 1500(82.69%) | 1 |
| Urban | 491(27.29%) | 1308(72.71%) | 1.324 (1.025–1.709) |
| Family member or friend infected with coronavirus | |||
| No | 793(22.07%) | 2800(77.93%) | 1 |
| Yes | 12(60.00%) | 8(40.00%) | 3.736 (1.009–13.833) |
| Graduation affected by the epidemic | |||
| No | 416(17.89%) | 1909(82.11%) | 1 |
| Yes | 389(30.20%) | 899(69.80%) | 1.310 (1.019–1.685) |
| Average time per day spent on Internet before the epidemic | |||
| ≤1 h | 204(16.00%) | 1071(84.00%) | 1 |
| 1–3 h | 298(21.19%) | 1108(78.81%) | 0.414 (0.389–0.441) |
| 3–5 h | 162(28.62%) | 404(71.38%) | 0.477 (0.449–0.506) |
| ≥5 h | 141(38.52%) | 225(61.48%) | 0.652 (0.609–0.697) |
| Separation anxiety | NA | NA | 2.074 (1.348–3.193) |
| Physical injury fear | NA | NA | 2.126 (1.503–3.007) |
| Problem-focused coping | NA | NA | 0.937 (0.923–0.951) |
| Emotion-focused coping | NA | NA | 1.090 (1.077–1.104) |
NOTE: Forward stepwise selection procedure was employed to select the model from variables listed in Table 1 (the sociodemographic characteristics), Table 2 (contents of the COVID-related information), as well as levels of anxiety and its six dimensions, smartphone/Internet addiction, and subscales of coping style scale.
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.