Fig. 1.

CV study of developed CNF/AuNp electrochemical biosensor at different stages of fabrication (a) ssDNA-NH₂/CNF/AuNp electrode and (b–j) hybridization with 0.11–30 ng/6 μl of L. monocytogenes ssG-DNA at 50 mVs⁻¹ using 1 mM MB in 50 mM PBS, pH 7.4. The inset-A shows hyperbolic curve from 0 to 30 ng/6 μl with linear peak current (Ip) up to 0.234 ng/6 μl of ssG-DNA of L. monocytogenes. Inset-B shows the linear plot from 0–0.234 ng/6 μl ssG-DNA for the calculation of sensitivity and LOD