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. 2020 Jul 2;7:6. doi: 10.1186/s40348-020-00098-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Flow diagram of study participants. HbPA+ formula = formula supplemented with galactooligosaccharides and fat blend with cow’s milk fat, vegetable, and fish oil (modified to contain 20–25% of beta-palmitic acid); control formula = formula not containing GOS, fat blend containing vegetable, and fish oil without cow’s milk fat. *2 participants in the hbPA+ group were retrospectively excluded due to recruitment error (did not meet inclusion criteria). **analysis of secondary endpoints “infection rates during 12-week intervention”