Immunolocalization of RAD51 and DMC1 in male meiocytes of wild type and atm mutants. (A) RAD51 localization on zygotene stage chromosomes of wild type, atm-2 and atm-5 respectively. (B) RAD51 localization in pachytene stage chromosomes of wild type, atm-2 and atm-5 respectively. (C) Number of RAD51 foci per cell of zygotene (WT: 168 ± 21.09, n = 27; atm-2: 279.15 ± 52.72, n = 40, P = 8.91E-12; atm-5: 285.67 ± 45.57, n = 39, P = 1.55E-11) and pachytene (WT: 32.15 ± 6.14, n = 47; atm-2: 58.84 ± 10.17, n = 43, P = 2.15E-15; atm-5: 53.6 ± 8.6, n = 32, P = 5.55E-13) stage cells in different alleles. (D) DMC1 localization on zygotene stage chromosomes of wild type, atm-2 and atm-5 respectively. (E) DMC1 localization in pachytene stage chromosomes of wild type, atm-2 (and atm-5 respectively. (F) Number of DMC1 foci per cell of zygotene (WT: 196.34 ± 49.39, n = 35; atm-2: 223.34 ± 28.02, n = 32, P = 3.38E-3; atm-5: 236.17 ± 42.17, n = 29, P = 4.97E-4) and pachytene (WT: 49.79 ± 8.61, n = 24; atm-2: 55.48 ± 8.77, n = 27, P = 3.35E-2; atm-5: 54.4 ± 9.76, n = 32, P = 6.24E-2) stage cells in different alleles. Bar = 5 μm. NS: P > 0.05 ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01 (Wilcoxon Rank Sum test). Cells counted in each allele are from at least 30 plants. The atm-2 and atm-5 are two independent atm mutant alleles.)