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Schematic illustration of the structures and functions in RPE cell. RPE cells attach to Bruch’s membrane in a single monolayer with apical microvilli and melanosomes, and basal nuclei. Barrier function is maintained by expression of occludin and cadherins. RPE cells exhibit physiological functions, such as phagocytosis and visual cycles. RPE cells exhibit functional polarity by polarized secretion of proteins and apical-basal distribution of membrane proteins.
