Table 1.

Comparison with previous studies on Fe₃O₄ synthesis.

No.	Method	Reaction Time (minutes)	Temperature °C	Saturation magnetization (emu/g)	Ref.
1	Co-precipitation	60	90	46	33
2	Co-precipitation	120	–	32.40	25
3	Co-precipitation	150	90	74	27
4	Co-precipitation	120	–	55	28
5	Co-precipitation	35	90	–	29
6	Present study	25	65	54.8