Table S1. Inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.

Author	Year	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Mereles et al.	2006	• Severe chronic pulmonary hypertension, receiving targeted drug therapy, stable condition ≥3 months • WHO-FC II–IV • No recent syncope or skeletal muscle disorder	Those who do not meet the inclusion criteria
Ley et al.	2013	• Age ≥18 years • Targeted drug therapy, stable condition≥3 months • WHO-FC II–III • No recent syncope, no skeletal muscle disorder	• Age ≤18 years old • WHO-FC Class I or IV • Other factors that do not meet the inclusion criteria
Chan et al.	2013	• WHO group I PAH • Diagnosis of resting mPAP ≥25 mmHg by right heart catheter • The condition is stable ≥3 months, and has not participated in pulmonary rehabilitation training for nearly 6 months	• WHO-FC Class I or IV • FEV1/FVC ≤65% • EF <40%, PCWP ≥18 mmHg • Serious mental illness • severe liver and kidney dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities • History of ischemic heart disease • Use of exercise-restrictive drugs, antivirals, drugs, smoking, pregnancy
Ehlken et al.	2015	• WHO-FC II–IV • Receive pulmonary hypertension target drugs, stable condition ≥2 months	Those who do not meet the inclusion criteria
Saglam et al.	2015	• WHO-FC II–III • Receive pulmonary hypertension target drugs, stable condition ≥3 months	Severe obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases, severe ischemic heart disease, left heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, cognitive impairment, infection of virus in nearly 6 months, bone and joint disorder
González-Saiz et al.	2017	• Age >18 years • Diagnosis of PAH or CTEPH by right cardiac catheterization • Targeted drug therapy, stable condition (>3 months) • No recent syncope, no musculoskeletal disorder • WHO-FC II–III	Two people changed targeted drugs before starting exercise training
Fukui et al.	2016	• Inoperable CTEPH who underwent their final BPA with improved resting mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 24.7±5.5 mmHg and who suffered remaining exercise intolerance • WHO ≥II	One person had skeletal and muscular disorder
Martínez-Quintana et al.	2010	• Age ≥14 years • No change in drug treatment regimen for pulmonary hypertension in the past 6 months • WHO-FC II–III	Those who do not meet the inclusion criteria
Fox et al.	2011	• Right heart catheter resting mPAP>25mmHg, PCWP ≤15 mmHg, PVR ≥3 wood Units • Receive targeted drug therapy, stable treatment for ≥3 months • NYHA classification II–III	• Level I or IV of NYHA, PAH due to CHD with a right-to-left shunt, left heart disease, chronic hypoxia or chronic lung disease (total lung volume/FEV1 < 60% predicted value) • Diseases requiring hospitalization occur during case screening • Any non-PAH medical condition likely to interfere with participation in or completion of the program • Participants in other rehabilitation programs within 6 months
Grünig/Marier et al.	2012	• PAH related to connective tissue diseases diagnosed by guidelines • WHO-FC II–IV • Targeted drugs for pulmonary hypertension and connective tissue disease were administered, and the condition was stable for more than 2 months.	• Severe interstitial lung disease • One patient was excluded for respiratory infection on follow-up
Grünig/Lichtblau et al.	2012	• WHO-FC II–IV • Targeted drug therapy, stable condition ≥2 months • New diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension, 2–6 months after receiving new targeted drugs	• Unstable clinical symptoms (6 people) • Gastrocnemius paralysis occurs after falling (1 person) • Family problems (2 people) • MRSA infection (1 person) • Peripheral arterial occlusion impairing 6MWD (1 person)
Nagel et al.	2012	• Patients with CTEPH during 06/2006 – 10/2011 • Targeted drug therapy, stable condition ≥ 2 months • WHO-FC II–IV	• Change in targeted drugs 2–4 weeks before training (2 people) • Misdiagnosis (2 people)
Becker-Grünig et al.	2013	• Adult patients with invasively confirmed severe congenital heart disease with PAH during 09/2008 – 10/2011 • Receive targeted drug therapy, stable condition ≥2 months • Newly diagnosed pulmonary hypertension, 2-6 months after receiving new targeted drug therapy • WHO-FC II–III	Those who do not meet the inclusion criteria
Kabitz et al.	2014	• WHO-FC II–IV • No recent syncope • Diagnosis of PAH based on current clinical classification criteria • Targeted drug therapy, stable condition ≥2 months	Complicated with left heart disease, lung disease, rib cage abnormality, neuromuscular abnormality, cachexia, systemic steroid therapy
Grünig et al.	2011	• Severe chronic pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure diagnosed according to guidelines during 01/2003 – 04/2007 • WHO-FC II–IV • Targeted drug therapy, stable condition ≥3 months	• Presence of underlying mitral stenosis as an etiology for PAH (1 person) • Change in targeted drugs (1 person) • Family reasons (1 person)
Inagaki et al.	2014	• Outpatients with inoperable or residual CTEPH • Receive targeted drug therapy, stable condition ≥3 months • Age 18–80 years old • WHO-FC II–IV	Individuals with other unstable/severe pulmonary disease or cardiac, orthopedic, or neurological disorders limiting exercise performance
de Man et al.	2009	• Diagnosed with IPAH according to WHO criteria established by RHC • Stable clinical condition, defined as a change in 6-min walk distance (6MWD) of <10% in three consecutive measurements prior to inclusion (over a period of minimally 1 year), and no change in medical therapy for >3 months • Aged 18 years. or older • Living within 5 km of a rehabilitation center associated with the current study	Those who do not meet the inclusion criteria