Table 6. Baseline characteristics and the occurrence rate of POAF for postoperative beta-blocker (BB) use group and non-BB use group.
| Variables | All study patients | Propensity score-matched patients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BB-use (n=37) | Non-BB use (n=259) | P | BB-use (n=37) | Non-BB use (n=37) | SMD | P | ||
| Age (years) | 65.4±12.2 | 67.5±11.6 | 0.307 | 65.4±12.2 | 65.2±11.5 | 0.016 | 0.939 | |
| Sex (male) | 21 (56.8) | 142 (54.8) | 0.825 | 21 (56.8) | 19 (51.4) | 0.109 | 0.617 | |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.70±0.16 | 1.63±0.18 | 0.020 | 1.70±0.16 | 1.66±0.23 | 0.222 | 0.255 | |
| Overweight (BMI >25 kg/m2) | 20 (54.1) | 77 (29.7) | 0.003 | 20 (54.1) | 18 (48.6) | 0.108 | 0.564 | |
| Risk factors, n (%) | ||||||||
| Smoking | 9 (24.3) | 55 (21.2) | 0.669 | 9 (24.3) | 7 (18.9) | 0.132 | 0.527 | |
| Hypertension | 22 (59.5) | 132 (51.0) | 0.333 | 22 (59.5) | 23 (62.2) | −0.055 | 0.796 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (21.6) | 64 (24.7) | 0.682 | 8 (21.6) | 10 (27.0) | −0.126 | 0.617 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 7 (18.9) | 80 (30.9) | 0.135 | 7 (18.9) | 8 (21.6) | −0.067 | 0.739 | |
| History of stroke | 3 (8.1) | 28 (10.8) | 0.779 | 3 (8.1) | 3 (8.1) | 0.000 | >0.999 | |
| Chronic kidney disease (GFR <60 mL/min) | 9 (24.3) | 60 (23.2) | 0.876 | 9 (24.3) | 9 (24.3) | 0.000 | >0.999 | |
| ESRD on dialysis | 0 (0.0) | 13 (5.0) | 0.163 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.000 | >0.999 | |
| COPD | 1 (2.7) | 11 (4.2) | >0.999 | 1 (2.7) | 2 (5.4) | −0.137 | 0.564 | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3 (8.1) | 15 (5.8) | 0.480 | 3 (8.1) | 6 (16.2) | −0.250 | 0.257 | |
| NYHA class ≥3 | 2 (5.4) | 50 (19.3) | 0.038 | 2 (5.4) | 2 (5.4) | 0.000 | >0.999 | |
| LV dysfunction (EF <0.50) | 3 (8.1) | 33 (12.8) | 0.593 | 3 (8.1) | 4 (10.8) | −0.092 | 0.705 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 11 (29.7) | 73 (28.2) | 0.845 | 11 (29.7) | 11 (29.7) | 0.000 | >0.999 | |
| EuroSCORE II | 2.60±3.06 | 3.02±3.11 | 0.449 | 2.60±3.06 | 2.36±2.32 | 0.088 | 0.694 | |
| STS score | 2.23±2.71 | 2.98±3.36 | 0.250 | 2.23±2.71 | 2.09±1.85 | 0.060 | 0.697 | |
| Preoperative medications | ||||||||
| BBs | 14 (37.8) | 76 (29.3) | 0.293 | 14 (37.8) | 12 (32.4) | 0.113 | 0.637 | |
| Calcium channel blockers | 2 (5.4) | 14 (5.4) | >0.999 | 2 (5.4) | 3 (8.1) | −0.108 | 0.655 | |
| Statins | 19 (51.4) | 126 (48.6) | 0.758 | 19 (51.4) | 17 (45.9) | 0.108 | 0.593 | |
| Etiology of aortic valve disease | ||||||||
| Rheumatic | 1 (2.7) | 10 (3.9) | >0.999 | 1 (2.7) | 2 (5.4) | −0.137 | 0.564 | |
| Degenerative | 16 (43.2) | 113 (43.6) | 0.965 | 16 (43.2) | 16 (43.2) | 0.000 | >0.999 | |
| Bicuspid | 16 (43.2) | 119 (45.9) | 0.758 | 16 (43.2) | 13 (35.1) | 0.167 | 0.467 | |
| Others | 4 (10.8) | 17 (6.6) | 0.313 | 4 (10.8) | 6 (16.2) | −0.159 | 0.527 | |
| POAF | 11 (29.7) | 143 (55.2) | 0.004 | 11 (29.7) | 20 (54.1) | – | 0.039 | |
Values are n (%) or mean ± SD. BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; EuroSCORE, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; LV, left ventricle; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SMD, standardized mean difference; STS, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.