FIGURE 3.
Subgroup multivariable-adjusted differences in 1-y equivalents of SCF in 2012–2014 comparing the 90th (21.7 mg/d) with the 10th (9.4 mg/d) percentile of total carotenoid intake between 1984 and 2006 in 49,493 women in the Nurses’ Health Study. The multivariable model was adjusted for age, race (white, other), education (registered nurse, bachelor's degree, graduate degree), husband education (high school degree or less, college degree, or graduate school), parental history of dementia (yes/no), smoking (never, ≤4, 5–24, >24 pack-years), cancer (yes/no), hypertension diagnosis (yes/no), depression, elevated cholesterol (yes/no), physical activity level (metabolic equivalent of tasks, h/wk; quintiles) and BMI (<23, 23-24.9, 25-29.9, ≥30 kg/m2) from 1984–2006, CVD (yes/no), multivitamin use (yes/no), alcohol intake, total calorie intake, number of dietary assessments, postmenopausal status and hormone replacement therapy use, parity (nulliparous, 1, ≥2), and intakes of vitamins C, D, and E, anthocyanidins, trans-fat, saturated fat, and long-chain n–3 fatty acids. Analyses within subgroups were adjusted for all other covariates and for the restricted covariate within the subgroup the analysis was restricted to. For the subgroups of participants with depression (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 2.0, 5.6) and 2 APOE ε4 alleles (OR: 19; 95% CI: 4, 35), the corresponding lines were marked with arrows pointing to the right, indicating that the upper bound of the 95% CI exceeds the space provided. CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; SCF, subjective cognitive function.