Figure 1.

Dietary TPEN Impairs Female Drosophila Fertility

(A) Diagram of female Drosophila reproductive system, showing one of the pair of ovaries with enlarged view of the progressive stages in an ovariole. Meiotic stages during oogenesis are noted. Illustration created with Biorender.com.

(B–E) Three-day average egg hatchability (B and D) and egg number (C and E) from single-pair crosses of ORP2 females and males with either or both sexes raised in 50 μM (B and C) or 100 μM (D and E) TPEN only or TPEN + ZnSO₄ rescue food. Male TPEN, concentration of dietary TPEN on which the males were raised and tested; female TPEN, concentration of TPEN added to food on which the females were raised and tested; male ZnSO₄, concentration of ZnSO₄ added to food on which the males were raised; female ZnSO₄, concentration of ZnSO₄ added to food on which the females were raised; n, sample size of each group; a, b, and c, significance groups (significant difference of mean with p < 0.05 between groups with different labels). Whiskers on the boxplots show the top and bottom quartiles.