Table 2.
Summary of Reviewed Articles on the tear film and inflammatory markers
| Study | Design | Patients (n) | IPL sessions (n) | Inflammatory marker (down-regulated) |
Tear protein and lipid | Tear film |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmed et al.,66 2019 J Ophthalmic Vis Res |
Prospective controlled | 12 | 1 | Prevent inflammatory mediator secretion | Improved | Lipid concentration of tear film improved |
| Arita et al.,43 2019 Ocul Surf |
Prospective controlled randomized |
45 | 8 | IL-6, IL-17A, prostaglandin E2 | Improved | Improved homeostasis of the tear film |
| Choi et al.,56 2019 Sci Rep |
Prospective noncomparative | 30 | 3 | IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α | Improved | Tear film break-up significantly improved after treatment. |
| Liu et al.,67 2017 Am J Ophthalmol |
Prospective, randomized, double-masked, controlled | 44 | 3 | IL-6, IL-17A, prostaglandin E2 | The correlation between the expression of IL-17A, IL-6 in protein levels showed no statistically significant | Improved tear film quality |
| Karaka et al.,68 2018 Eur J Ophthalmol |
Prospective noncomparative | 26 | 3 | IL-6, IL-17A, prostaglandin E2 | Improved | Significant improvement in tear film quality |
| Seo et al.,69 2018 Cont Lens Anterior Eye |
Prospective noncomparative non-randomized |
17 | 4 | Down-regulated | Improved | Instability resolved |
| Gao et al.,70 2019 Int J Ophthalmol |
Case-control | 82 | 1 | IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-1β | Improved | Improve tear film (TBUT) |