Table 2. Univariate analysis of risk factors for hemoptysis complicating ultrasound-guided transthoracic needle lung biopsy.

Variables	Hemoptysis (n=20)	No hemoptysis (n=189)	P value
Patient
Age* (years)	60.7±15.3	57.6±14.4	0.378
Sex			0.129
Male	17	125
Female	3	64
Smoking history			0.093
No	6	94
Yes	14	95
Emphysema			0.124
No	10	127
Yes	10	62
SpO2			0.777
≥95%	15	147
<95%	5	42
Platelet count* (×109/L)	300.6±178.3	276.4±111.9	0.559
PT (INR)			1.000
≥1.2	2	21
<1.2	18	168
APTT (s)			0.140
≥43	7	39
<43	13	150
Biopsy
Number of punctures*	2.9±0.9	3.1±1.0	0.361
Contrast enhancement			0.735
No	10	87
Yes	10	102
Operator			0.098
Operator a	6	70
Operator b	13	80
Operator c	1	39
Lesion
Location			0.982
Left thorax	10	94
Right thorax	10	95
Lesion size			0.737
≤20 mm	3	25
>20 mm	17	164
Length of puncture path			0.565
≤20 mm	5	37
>20 mm	15	152
Pathology†			0.037
Benign	13	77
Malignant	7	112
Grade of air bronchial sign†			<0.001
Non-air bronchogram	9	156
Minor-air bronchogram	3	20
Multi-air bronchogram	8	13

Operator a, Operator b and Operator c had 5, 10 and 15 years of intervention experience, respectively. *, data are means ± standard deviations; ^†, Statistically significant (P<0.05). SpO₂, pulse oxygen saturation; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time.