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. 2020 May 30;10(16):7131–7149. doi: 10.7150/thno.44564

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EV-coated multi-antigenic nanovaccines elicited a potent immune response in vivo. (A) Study protocol for immunizations and evaluations. (B) The proportion of CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells in splenocytes was determined by flow cytometry. (C) The proliferation of CD8⁺ T cells was assessed by CFSE dilution. (D) The proportion of IFN-γ-producing CD8⁺ T cells was determined by flow cytometry. (E) The proportion of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells in splenocytes was determined by flow cytometry. (F) The proliferation of CD4⁺ T cells was assessed by CFSE dilution. (G) Time course of EV-specific IgG titers. (H) The ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 was measured on day 21 in sera from immunized mice. Data are presented as the means ± SD (n = 6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005, vs the saline or indicated groups.