Table 3.

Psychopathology symptoms regressed on general motivational systems and drug-use specific motivations.

	MDD (β)	SUD (β)	AUD (β)	APD (β)	BPD (β)
Step 1
Age	-0.04	0.22*	0.18	0.27**	0.06
Biological Sex	-0.16	0.16	0.07	0.12	-0.32**
Step 2
Behavioral Approach System	-0.09	0.14	0.11	0.28**	0.13
Behavioral Inhibition System	0.11	0.13	0.18	0.05	0.28**
Step 3
Drug Approach Motivations	-0.16	0.23**	0.04	0.13	-0.03
Drug Avoidance Motivations	0.34**	0.27**	0.31**	0.34**	0.29**

Note.N = 175. Only the new variables that were added at each step are shown. MDD = Major Depressive Disorder: Step 1 R² = 0.03; Step 2 ΔR² = 0.02; Step 3 ΔR² = 0.10**. SUD = Substance Use Disorder: Step 1 R² = 0.08**; Step 2 ΔR² = 0.04; Step 3 ΔR² = 0.15**. AUD = Alcohol Use Disorder: Step 1 R² = 0.04; Step 2 ΔR² = 0.04; Step 3 ΔR² = 0.10**. APD = Antisocial Personality Disorder: Step 1 R² = 0.09**; Step 2 ΔR² = 0.08**; Step 3 ΔR² = 0.15**. BPD = Borderline Personality Disorder: Step 1 R² = 0.10**; Step 2 ΔR² = 0.08**; Step 3 ΔR² = 0.08**. *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001.