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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 6.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Jul 10;53(15):9203–9213. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02226

Table 4.

Exponentiated beta (β) coefficients are shown for the multivariate linear model of log10-transformed TDCIPP concentrations with household variables. Covariates include sampling season, adoption year, and whether the cat spent any time outdoors. The model was constructed using a stepwise variable selection procedure based on Akaike information criterion optimization.

Variable 10β 95% CI p-value
Household Cleaning
Air freshener use
Never Reference
Annual 0.653 0.330, 1.29 0.223
Seasonal 1.46 0.980, 2.19 0.066*
Monthly 1.97 1.22, 3.18 0.007**
Weekly+ 1.61 1.18, 2.20 0.004**
Vacuum frequency
0 times/month Reference
1–4 times/month 1.21 0.778, 1.88 0.402
5–8 times/month 0.982 0.607, 1.59 0.942
9+ times/month 1.06 0.646, 1.74 0.821

Residence
Number of people 1.10 0.989, 1.22 0.085*
Residence built
Prior to 1989 Reference
1990–2004 1.25 0.888, 1.76 0.203
2005 to Present 2.05 1.34, 3.13 0.001**
Last purchase of upholstered furniture
Prior to 2006 Reference
2007–2012 2.14 1.26, 3.62 0.006**
2013-Present 1.19 0.718, 1.97 0.499

Feline Behaviors
Any consumption of commercial dry food 2.77 1.71, 4.49 <0.001**
Preferred location in residence
No preference Reference
Carpet/rug 0.590 0.265, 1.31 0.198
Cat bed/perch 0.849 0.645, 1.12 0.247
Furniture 1.45 1.02, 2.05 0.040**
Human bed 1.40 0.892, 2.21 0.146
Bold *:

p<0.10;

Bold **:

p<0.05