Table 2. HIC Peak Distribution and Relative Hydrophobicitya.
| peak area | LS-1 | LS-2 | LS-3 | LS-4 | LS-5 | LS-6 | LS-7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| peak 1 (vol %) | 69 | 48 | 43 | 28 | 20 | 12 | 22 |
| peak 2 (vol %) | 18 | 22 | 22 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 7 |
| peak 3 (vol %) | 11 | 25 | 31 | 25 | 32 | 32 | 13 |
| peak 4 (vol %) | <2 | 5 | 4 | 30 | 34 | 35 | 13 |
| peak 5 (vol %) | <2 | <2 | <2 | 6 | <2 | 8 | 45 |
| sum (vol %) | 98 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| relative hydrophobicity | 0.1 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.44 | 0.47 | 0.54 | 0.63 |
The nomenclature of lignosulfonate samples was based on the order of hydrophobicity, that is, increasing sample index (LS-1, LS-2, etc.) also implies increasing relative hydrophobicity.