Table 1.
Variables Included in Childhood Obesogenic Environment Index
| VARIABLE | MEASURE | SOURCE | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS | Number of fast food restaurants (NAICS 722211) in the county per 1000 county residents |
United States Department of Agriculture1 (Restaurants: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns; Population: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates) |
2014 |
| FULL-SERVICE RESTAURANTS | Number of full-service restaurants (NAICS 7221110) in the county per 1000 county residents |
United States Department of Agriculture1 (Restaurants: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns; Population: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates) |
2014 |
| GROCERY STORES AND SUPERCENTERS | Number of grocery stores/supermarkets and supercenters/warehouse club stores (NAICS 445110 & 452,910) in the county per 1000 county residents |
United States Department of Agriculture1 (Stores: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns; Population: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates) |
2014 |
| FARMERS MARKETS | Number of farmers markets (NAICS 115114) in the county per 1000 county residents |
United States Department of Agriculture1 (Farmers Markets: Agricultural Marketing Service, Marketing Services Division Population: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates) |
2016 |
| CONVENIENCE STORES | Number of convenience stores (NAICS 445120 & 447,110) in the county per 1000 county residents |
United States Department of Agriculture1 (Stores: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns Population: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates) |
2014 |
| BIRTHS AT BABY-FRIENDLY FACILITIES | Percent births at baby-friendly facilities at the state level |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention2 (Breastfeeding Report Card, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion) |
2016 |
| EXERCISE OPPORTUNITIES | Percentage of those with access, defined as residing in a census block within a half mile of a park (NAICS 712190), residing in an urban census block within one mile of a recreational facility (NAICS 713940), or residing in a rural census block within three miles of a recreational facility |
County Health Rankings3 (2010 US Census Bureau Population data, 2016 SIC codes, 2016 parks, Business Analyst, Delorme map data, ESRI, US Census TIGER/Line Files) |
2018 |
| VIOLENT CRIME | Number of violent crimes reported per 100,000 population |
County Health Rankings4 (Uniform Crime Reporting, Federal Bureau of Investigation) |
2012–2014 |
| WALKABILITY | National Walkability Index | EPA Smart Growth Smart Location Mapping Database5 | 2010–2012 |
| SCHOOL PROXIMITY | Percentage of the county covered by ½ mile school buffers. A half-mile buffer was created around each public school location and then the square mileage covered by the school buffers was aggregated to the county level. Total area covered by these school buffers was divided by total area of the county to obtain the percentage of the county that was within close proximity to a school. | National Center for Education Statistics6 | 2016–2017 |
1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Environment Atlas: [53] https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-environment-atlas/documentation/
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Breastfeeding Report Card: [56] https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/2016breastfeedingreportcard.pdf
3. County Health Rankings, Access To Exercise Opportunities: [57] https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/explore-health-rankings/measures-data-sources/county-health-rankings-model/health-factors/health-behaviors/diet-exercise/access-to-exercise-opportunities
4. County Health Rankings, Violent Crime Rate: [58] https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/explore-health-rankings/measures-data-sources/county-health-rankings-model/health-factors/social-and-economic-factors/community-safety/violent-crime-rate
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Smart Location Mapping, National Walkability Index: [59] https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/smart-location-mapping#walkability
6. National Center For Education Statistics, Education Demographic And Geographic Estimates, School Locations And Geoassignments: [60] https://nces.ed.gov/programs/edge/geographic/schoollocations