Table 1.
Patient characteristics (n = 58)
| Variable | The number of patients |
|---|---|
| Median observation period (range) | 66.8 months (3–316) |
| Median age (range) | 61.5 years old (12–87) |
| Woman | 32 (55.1%) |
| Primary site | |
| Major salivary gland | 21 (36.2%) |
| Parotid gland | 7 (12.1%) |
| Submandibular gland | 8 (13.8%) |
| Sublingual gland | 6 (10.3%) |
| Sinonasal cavity | 14 (24.1%) |
| Maxillary sinus | 11 (19.0%) |
| Ethmoid sinus | 1 (1.7%) |
| Sphenoid sinus | 1 (1.7%) |
| Nasal septum | 1 (1.7%) |
| Pharynx | 7 (12.1%) |
| Nasopharynx | 1 (1.7%) |
| Oropharynx | 6 (10.3%) |
| Oral cavity | 4 (6.9%) |
| Palate | 2 (3.5%) |
| Tongue | 2 (3.5%) |
| External ear canal | 6 (10.3%) |
| Lacrimal gland/Orbit | 2 (3.5%) |
| Larynx | 1 (1.7%) |
| Trachea | 2 (3.5%) |
| Parapharyngeal space | 1 (1.7%) |
| T classification | |
| T1 | 4 (6.9%) |
| T2 | 16 (27.6%) |
| T3 | 13 (22.4%) |
| T4 | 25 (43.1%) |
| N classification | |
| N0 | 51 (87.9%) |
| N1 | 2 (3.4%) |
| N2a | 5 (8.6%) |
| N3 | 0 (0%) |
| M classification | |
| M0 | 52 (89.7%) |
| M1 | 6 (10.3%) |
| Overall clinical stage | |
| I | 4 (6.9%) |
| II | 15 (25.9%) |
| III | 11 (19.0%) |
| IV | 28 (48.2%) |
| Initial treatment | |
| Surgery alone | 18 (32.1%) |
| Surgery + adjuvant therapy | 25 (43.1%) |
| Particle-beam radiation | 6 (10.3%) |
| Chemoradiation | 1 (1.7%) |
| Palliation | 8 (13.7%) |
| Surgical-margin status | |
| Positive (0 mm) or close to margin (< 5 mm) | 28 (48.2%) |
| Negative (≥5 mm) | 10 (17.2%) |
| No surgery or unknown | 20 (34.5%) |
| Histologic pattern | |
| Cribriform and/or tubular | 36 (62.0%) |
| Solid | 16 (27.5%) |
| unknown | 6 (10.3%) |
| Perineural invasion | |
| (−) | 8 (13.8%) |
| (+) | 24 (41.4%) |
| unknown | 26 (44.8%) |
aAll N2 cases were N2b