Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate Cox regression of clinicopathological for overall survival

Variable	All patients		Patients with stage I–II disease		Patients with stage III–IV disease		Patients with LNM		Patients without LNM
	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)
Univariate analysis
Age (< 60 years)	0.010	1.759 (1.142–2.708)	0.009	3.413 (1.355–8.597)	0.244	1.343 (0.818–2.205)	0.116	1.533 (0.900–2.611)	0.024	0.424 (0.201–0.894)
Gender (male/female)	0.008	1.602 (1.129–2.271)	0.046	1.897 (1.010–3.564)	0.018	1.670 (1.093–2.553)	0.020	1.714 (1.089–2.697)	0.103	1.584 (0.912–2.752)
Tumor size (5 cm)	0.913	1.018 (0.728–1.400)	0.735	0.909 (0.523–1.580)	0.480	1.157 (0.772–1.735)	0.233	1.297 (0.846–1.987)	0.435	0.816 (0.491–1.358)
Tumor site
Rectum		Refer		Refer		Refer		Refer	Refer
Left colon	0.908	1.025 (0.676–1.553)	0.670	1.168 (0.572–2.385)	0.926	0.975 (0.572–1.663)	0.926	0.975 (0.572–1.663)	0.942	1.025 (0.527–1.995)
Right colon	0.464	0.859 (0.572–1.290)	0.860	0.939 (0.467–1.888)	0.249	0.728 (0.425–1.249)	0.249	0.728 (0.425–1.249)	0.967	1.013 (0.531–1.865)
Pathological T stage	< 0.001	2.591 (1.562–4.297)	0.633	1.158 (0.634–2.116)	0.007	6.803 (1.675–27.633)	0.010	6.323 (1.554–25.722)	0.275	1.385 (0.541–1.486)
Lymph node metastasis	< 0.001	2.802 (2.012–3.902)	0.041	4.410 (1.063–18.289)	0.558	0.828 (0.441–1.556)	–	–	–	–
TNM stage	< 0.001	3.197 (2.271–4.501)	–	–	–	–	0.827	0.855 (0.210–3.481)	< 0.001	4.275 (2.203–8.298)
Differentiation	< 0.001	1.889 (1.334–2.674)	0.833	1.084 (0.510–2.307)	0.019	1.083 (1.083–2.466)	0.126	1.407 (0.909–2.177)	0.074	1.742 (0.957–3.169)
Lymphovascular invasion	< 0.001	3.251 (1.987–5.318)	0.163	1.538 (0.840–2.815)	0.011	1.702 (1.132–2.559)	0.019	1.670 (1.088–2.561)	0.036	1.782(1.039-3.056)
Nervous invasion	0.140	1.497 (0.876–2.559)	0.281	1.759 (0.630–4.909)	0. 866	1.056 (0.562–1.985)	0.943	0.976 (0.503–1.893)	0.176	1.888 (0.752–4.741)
Lymph nodes positive for CRC	< 0.001	4.006 (2.686–5.973)	0.007	16.949 (2.188–131.284)	< 0.001	2.178 (1.410–3.366)	< 0.001	0.723 (1.479–3.693)	0.001	5.338 (1.907–14.943)
Colonic perforation	0.541	0.700 (0.223–2.198)	0.824	1.174 (0.285–4.829)	0.768	0.809 (0.198–3.303)	0.461	0.475 (0.066–3.428)	0.512	1.475 (0.462–4.711)
Tumor budding	< 0.001	2.028 (1.400–2.938)	0.043	1.812 (1.019–3.221)	0.163	1.423 (0.867–2.336)	0.234	0.723 (0.424–1.232)	0.023	1.849 (1.087–3.146)
Schistosomiasis	0.044	1.399 (1.009–1.940)	0.474	1.225 (0.703–2.132)	0.011	1.699 (1.128–2.560)	0.019	1.674 (1.087–2.577)	0.428	1.229 (0.738–2.049)
Ulceration	0.624	0.9205 (0.660–1.282)	0.362	0.766 (0.4313–1.360)	0.971	1.008 (0.670–1.514)	0.649	1.104 (0.721–1.690)	0.189	0.698 (0.408–1.194)
Histological type	0.921	1.025 (0.626–1.680)	0.797	0.886 (0.352–2.230)	0.870	0.952 (0.529–1.713)	0.708	0.889 (0.482–1.641)	0.902	0.948 (0.408–2.206)
Multivariate analysis
Gender	0.003	1.676 (1.178–2.384)	–	–	0.030	1.601 (1.047–2.450)	0.026	1.675 (1.064–2.639)	–	–
Pathological T stage	–	–	–	–	0.012	6.042 (1.476–24.729)	0.025	5.040 (1.228–20.678)	–	–
TNM stage	< 0.001	0.389 (0.267–0.567)	–	–	–	–	–	–	< 0.001	4.507 (2.303–8.818)
Lymph node metastasis	–	–
Tumor budding	–	–							0.014	0.513 (0.301–0.876)
Differentiation	–	–	–	–	0.016	1.677 (1.101–2.555)
Schistosomiasis	0.025	1.458 (1.049–2.027)	–	–	0.008	1.743 (1.153–2.635)	0.023	1.648 (1.070–2.538)	–	–
Lymphovascular invasion	0.030	1.461 (1.036–2.060)	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Lymph nodes positive for CRC	< 0.001	2.256 (1.461–3.483)	0.007	16.8587 (2.176–130.580)	0.004	1.911 (1.230–2.969)	0.003	2.005 (1.267–3.175)	–	–

“–,” data is non-significant. Abbreviation: CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio. P < 0.05 was defined as the criterion for variable deletion when performing backward stepwise selection