Optimal efforts of the operator (), mimic () and target () as a function of the fitness pay-off to the target (Δtar) for successful discrimination. For this graph, Δop = 2, Δmim = 3 and a = 0.01. The target's optimal effort steadily increases as its pay-off for successful discrimination increases, the operator's optimal effort steadily decreases as the target's pay-off for successful discrimination increases and the mimic's optimal effort increases and then decreases, as the target's pay-off for successful discrimination increases. (Online version in colour.)