Table II.
Dermatologic findings in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19
| Characteristics | Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morbilliform (n = 38)∗ | Pernio (n = 31) | Urticarial (n = 27) | Macular erythema (n = 23) | Vesicular (n = 18) | Papulosquamous (n = 17) | Retiform purpura (n = 11) | |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 52 (36-66) | 35 (22-59) | 42 (29-54) | 31 (27-55) | 55 (36-58) | 28 (27-38) | 66 (51-73) |
| Female sex, n (%)† | 19 (50) | 16 (52) | 21 (78) | 16 (70) | 10 (56) | 7 (41) | 2 (18) |
| Body site affected, n (%) | |||||||
| Face | 8 (21) | — | 8 (30) | 6 (26) | 6 (33) | 4 (24) | — |
| Head (excluding face) | 2 (5.3) | — | 4 (15) | 1 (4.3) | 1 (5.6) | — | — |
| Neck | 10 (26) | — | 5 (19) | 6 (26) | 1 (5.6) | 4 (24) | — |
| Chest | 19 (50) | — | 8 (30) | 8 (35) | 6 (33) | 8 (47) | — |
| Abdomen | 24 (63) | — | 11 (41) | 9 (39) | 8 (44) | 11 (65) | — |
| Back | 23 (61) | — | 11 (41) | 11 (48) | 6 (33) | 11 (65) | — |
| Arm | 21 (55) | — | 13 (48) | 11 (48) | 8 (44) | 11 (65) | 2 (18) |
| Hand | 7 (18) | 10 (32) | 7 (48) | 4 (18) | 7 (39) | 3 (18) | 3 (27) |
| Genitals | 2 (5.3) | — | 1 (3.7) | — | 2 (11) | 2 (12) | — |
| Legs/buttocks‡ | 22 (58) | — | 14 (52) | 10 (44) | 8 (44) | 11 (65) | 7 (64) |
| Foot | 7 (18) | 26 (84) | 6 (22) | 5 (22) | 3 (17) | 2 (12) | 2 (18) |
| Entire body | 4 (11) | — | 4 (15) | 1 (4.3) | — | — | — |
| Dermatologic symptoms, n (%) | |||||||
| Asymptomatic | 8 (21) | 3 (9.7) | 1 (3.7) | 4 (17) | 2 (11) | — | 8 (73) |
| Pain/burning | 6 (16) | 22 (71) | 6 (22) | 6 (26) | 9 (50) | 5 (29) | 1 (9.1) |
| Pruritus | 23 (61) | 11 (36) | 20 (74) | 14 (61) | 13 (72) | 16 (94) | — |
| Timing of dermatologic changes, n (%) | |||||||
| Before COVID-19 symptoms | 3 (7.9) | 5 (16) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (8.7) | 1 (5.6) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (9.1) |
| After COVID-19 symptoms | 29 (76) | 15 (48) | 18 (67) | 13 (57) | 13 (72) | 9 (53) | 10 (91) |
| At the same time as COVID-19 | 5 (13) | 3 (9.7) | 6 (22) | 7 (30) | 4 (22) | 4 (24) | — |
| No other COVID-19 symptoms | 1 (2.6) | 6 (19) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (4.3) | — | 1 (5.9) | — |
| Most likely etiology, as determined by health care provider, n (%)§ | |||||||
| COVID-19 related | 27 (71) | 28 (90) | 20 (74) | 21 (91) | 16 (89) | 13 (77) | 9 (82) |
| Related to another virus | 4 (11) | 2 (6.5) | 4 (15) | — | — | 2 (12) | — |
| Postviral rash | 6 (16) | — | 3 (11) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (11) | 2 (12) | — |
| Unsure | 1 (2.6) | 1 (3.2) | — | 1 (4.3) | — | — | 2 (18) |
| Comorbid dermatologic condition | |||||||
| Contact dermatitis | 1 (2.6) | — | — | 1 (4.3) | — | 3 (18) | — |
| Alopecia areata | — | — | 1 (3.7) | 1 (4.3) | — | 2 (12) | — |
| Melanoma | 2 (5.3) | 1 (3.2) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hidradenitis suppurativa | — | 1 (3.2) | — | — | 1 (5.6) | — | — |
IQR, Interquartile range.
∗
Because providers could select more than 1 rash morphology, some patients are double counted (ie, patient had both morbilliform rash and pernio).
†
Defined as sex assigned at birth.
‡
Legs and buttocks were combined because of the questionnaire design, which changed slightly over the course of the study.
§
Cases determined to be due to a drug have been excluded from this table and are included in the Supplemental Materials (available via Mendeley at http://doi.org/10.17632/gh945hpwy3.1).