Table 2.

Timing of cardiac surgery intervention depending on case type and urgency category

Category	Emergent	1: Urgent	2: Semi-urgent	3: Elective
Timing	Immediate entry-72 h	1-2 wk	3-4 wk	>1 mo
CAD (not amenable to PCI)	•Critical CAD/LM ± shock/IABP/pressors	•LM, ACS or w/3VD with high-risk anatomy	•3VD w/increasing Sx	•Stable CAD
AV (not amenable to TAVR)	•Severe AI w/shock •Severe AS w/shock	•Severe AI/AS w/NYHA IV HF, syncope •BHV SVD w/NYHA IV HF	•Critical/severe AS w/high risk features or progressive Sx •Progressive severe AI with progressive Sx	•Stable severe AI/AS
MV disease (not amenable to MC)	•Acute MR w/shock	•Acute MR with NYHA IV HF •BHV SVD w/NYHA IV HF	•Severe MR w/drop in EF, recurrent HF •MS with NYHA III-IV HF	•Stable severe MR/MS
Tricuspid valve disease	•N/A	•N/A	•NYHA IV Sx	•Stable Severe TR
Aortic surgery/other	•Type A dissection •PTE w/massive clot	•Giant TAA/PSA w/Sx or rapid expansion	•TAA >6-7 cm	•Stable TAA •PTE for CTEPH
Transplant	•N/A	•Inpatient + status 1-2	•N/A	•Stable outpatient

CAD, Coronary artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; LM, left main; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; 3VD, triple-vessel disease; Sx, symptoms; AV, aortic valve; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement; AI, aortic insufficiency; AS, aortic stenosis; NYHA, New York Heart Association; HF, heart failure; BHV, bioprosthetic heart valve; SVD, structural valve degeneration; MV, mitral valve; MC, Mitraclip; MR, mitral regurgitation; EF, ejection fraction; MS, mitral stenosis; N/A, not available; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; PTE, pulmonary thromboendarterectomy; TAA,thoracic aortic aneurysm; PSA, pseudoaneurysm; CTEPH, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.