Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, laboratory findings of patients with moderate coronavirus disease 2019 on admission
| Total (n = 456) | No progression (n = 205) | Poor prognoses (n = 251) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 54.97 ± 18.59 | 48.95 ± 18.17 | 59.89 ± 17.48 | <0.001 |
| ≤45 | 159 (34.88%) | 97 (47.32%) | 62 (24.70%) | |
| 45–65 | 137 (30.04%) | 56 (27.32%) | 81 (32.27%) | |
| ≥65 | 160 (35.08%) | 52 (25.36%) | 108 (43.03%) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 211 (46.27%) | 71 (34.63%) | 140 (55.77%) | |
| Female | 245 (53.73%) | 134 (65.37%) | 111 (44.23%) | |
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 126.08 ± 23.86 | 126.75 ± 22.75 | 125.54 ± 24.77 | 0.592 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 76.09 ± 15.39 | 77.38 ± 13.93 | 75.03 ± 16.44 | 0.104 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 150 (32.89%) | 48 (23.41%) | 102 (40.63%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 70 (15.35%) | 20 (9.76%) | 50 (19.92%) | 0.003 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 19 (4.16%) | 2 (0.97%) | 17 (6.77%) | 0.002 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 52 (11.40%) | 15 (7.32%) | 37 (14.74%) | 0.013 |
| Neural system diseases | 33 (7.23%) | 6 (2.92%) | 27 (10.75%) | 0.001 |
| Pulmonary disease | 18 (3.94%) | 4 (1.95%) | 14 (5.57%) | 0.048 |
| Cancer | 12 (2.63%) | 2 (0.97%) | 10 (3.98%) | 0.046 |
| Signs and symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 297 (65.13%) | 136 (66.34%) | 161 (64.14%) | 0.624 |
| Cough | 241 (52.85%) | 111 (54.14%) | 130 (51.79%) | 0.616 |
| Sputum production | 66 (14.47%) | 28 (13.65%) | 38 (15.13%) | 0.655 |
| Shortness of breath | 102 (22.23%) | 46 (22.24%) | 56 (22.31%) | 0.974 |
| Myalgia or fatigue | 153 (33.55%) | 69 (33.65%) | 85 (33.86%) | 0.963 |
| Diarrhoea | 28 (6.14%) | 10 (4.87%) | 18 (7.17%) | 0.310 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 18 (3.94%) | 7 (3.41%) | 11 (4.38%) | 0.598 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 20 (18–20) | 20 (18–20) | 20 (18–21) | 0.448 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 98 (96–99) | 98 (97–99) | 96 (97–99) | 0.493 |
| Leucocytes count (× 10⁹/L) | 5.14 (3.95–6.75) | 5.24 (4.03–6.25) | 5.02 (3.90–6.92) | 0.019 |
| <4 | 117 (25.65%) | 46 (22.43%) | 71 (28.28%) | |
| 4–10 | 315 (69.07%) | 149 (72.68%) | 166 (66.13%) | |
| >10 | 24 (5.28%) | 10 (4.89%) | 14 (5.59%) | |
| Neutrophil count (× 10⁹/L) | 3.20 (2.35–4.75) | 3.03 (2.23–4.25) | 3.29 (2.38–5.18) | 0.006 |
| Lymphocyte count (× 10⁹/L) | 1.19 (0.85–1.61) | 1.47 (1.05–1.86) | 1.02 (0.70–1.42) | <0.001 |
| NLR | 2.59 (1.66–4.55) | 2.00 (1.42–3.25) | 3.37 (2.06–5.66) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 126.50 ± 19.58 | 125.38 ± 21.78 | 125.09 ± 20.99 | 0.886 |
| Platelet count ( × 10⁹/L) | 189 (147–246) | 216 (167–255) | 174 (130–231) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 38.89 ± 6.23 | 40.16 ± 5.88 | 37.86 ± 6.33 | <0.001 |
| APTT (seconds) | 28.00 (24.00–21.70) | 26.94 (24.44–30.45) | 29.50 (25.50–33.90) | 0.001 |
| Prothrombin time (seconds) | 11.21 ± 2.74 | 10.85 ± 2.81 | 11.50 ± 2.56 | 0.011 |
| INR | 0.98 (0.93–1.05) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 1.0 (0.94–1.06) | 0.008 |
| D-dimer (μg/L) | 0.52 (0.21–1.31) | 0.4 (0.36–1.04) | 0.66 (0.3–1.66) | <0.001 |
| <1.0 | 314 | 153 | 161 | |
| ≥1.0 | 142 | 52 | 90 | |
| Total bilirubin (mmol/L) | 9.40 (7.1–12.97) | 9.3 (7.2–12.55) | 9.5 (7.0–13.50) | 0.900 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 18.55 (12.5–30.37) | 17.50 (11.5–29.65) | 19.3 (13.4–31.90) | 0.539 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 20.80 (15.7–29.60) | 18.50 (14.95–23.10) | 24.00 (17.00–36.60) | 0.006 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 66.60 (51.4–79.8) | 61.00 (50.90–73.60) | 70.0 (53.20–85.80) | <0.001 |
| <133 | 436 (95.61%) | 200 (97.56%) | 236 (94.02%) | |
| ≥133 | 20 (4.39%) | 5 (2.44%) | 15 (5.98%) | |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.3 (3.10–4.00) | 3.72 (3.50–4.30) | 3.90 (3.40–4.60) | 0.021 |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 63.5 (32.32–111.50) | 52.50 (42.00–100.75) | 74.5 (40.00–139.90) | 0.002 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 166 (132–213) | 148 (110–180) | 191 (150–237) | <0.001 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.05 (0.04–0.08) | 0.04 (0.03–0.06) | 0.07 (0.17–0.60) | <0.001 |
| <0.5 | 438 (96.05%) | 204 (99.51%) | 234 (93.22%) | |
| ≥0.5 | 18 (3.95%) | 1 (0.49%) | 17 (6.79%) | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 0.61 (0.10–3.12) | 0.28 (0.06–1.05) | 2.02 (0.24–4.98) | <0.001 |
| <6.0 | 226 (49.56%) | 141 (68.78%) | 85 (33.86%) | |
| ≥6.0 | 230 (50.44%) | 64 (31.22%) | 166 (66.14%) | |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h) | 31.00 (14.00–54.75) | 17.00 (10.0–41.25) | 38.00 (13.00–58.5) | <0.001 |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | 3.83 (1.67–10.41) | 2.43 (1.5–4.99) | 5.94 (2.47–24.07) | <0.001 |
Data are n (%). Normal distributed data are mean ± SD and non-normal distributed data are median (IQR). p values were calculated by Mann–Whitney U-test, χ2 test, or Fisher's exact.
Abbreviations: APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; INR, international normalized ratio; NLR, neutrophil count/lymphocyte count ratio.