Table 3.
Risk factors associated with any in-hospital disease progression
| Univariable regression |
Multivariable regression |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Demographics and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≤45 | 1 (ref) | |||
| 45–65 | 2.263 (1.149–3.608) | 0.001 | 1.885 (1.094–3.249) | 0.022 |
| ≥65 | 3.249 (2.053–5.144) | <0.001 | 2.247 (1.242–4.064) | 0.007 |
| Male (versus female) | 2.380 (1.627–3.483) | <0.001 | 2.134 (1.385–3.287) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 0.447 (0.296–0.673) | <0.001 | 0.929 (0.557–1.550) | 0.778 |
| Diabetes | 0.435 (0.249–0.758) | 0.003 | 0.749 (0.392–1.432) | 0.382 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.136 (0.031–0.594) | 0.008 | 0.415 (0.078–2.206) | 0.302 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 0.457 (0.243–0.859) | 0.015 | 1.204 (0.554–2.619) | 0.639 |
| Neural system diseases | 0.250 (0.101–0.618) | 0.003 | 0.462 (0.160–1.336) | 0.154 |
| Pulmonary disease | 0.337 (0.109–1.040) | 0.058 | ||
| Cancer | 0.237 (0.051–1.096) | 0.065 | ||
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Leucocytes count (× 10⁹/L) | ||||
| <4 | 1.012 (0.452–2.691) | 0.830 | ||
| 4–10 | 0.796 (0.343–1.845) | 0.595 | ||
| >10 | 1 (ref) | |||
| Neutrophil count (× 10⁹/L) | 1.169 (1.071–1.276) | <0.001 | 1.097 (0.996–1.208) | 0.062 |
| Lymphocyte count (× 10⁹/L) | 0.443 (0.316–0.620) | <0.001 | 0.789 (0.581–1.072) | 0.129 |
| NLR | 1.251 (1.148–1.362) | <0.001 | 1.132 (1.042–1.230) | 0.004 |
| Platelet count (× 10⁹/L) | 0.997 (0.994–0.999) | 0.002 | ||
| Albumin (g/L) | 0.931 (0.897–0.966) | <0.001 | ||
| APTT (seconds) | 1.031 (1.008–1.055) | 0.008 | ||
| Prothrombin time (seconds) | 1.095 (1.018–1.178) | 0.015 | ||
| INR | 2.840 (1.241–6.50) | 0.013 | ||
| D-dimer (μg/L) | ||||
| <1.0 | 1 (ref) | |||
| ≥1.0 | 1.298 (0.280–6.027) | 0.739 | ||
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 1.033 (1.018–1.048) | <0.001 | ||
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | ||||
| <133 | ||||
| ≥133 | 9.330 (0.624–139.57) | 0.106 | ||
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 1.240 (1.128–1.363) | <0.001 | ||
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 1.005 (1.003–1.008) | <0.001 | ||
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 1.008 (1.005–1.010) | <0.001 | ||
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | ||||
| <0.5 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| ≥0.5 | 14.291 (1.955–112.339) | 0.009 | 4.003 (0.442–36.272) | 0.217 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | ||||
| <6.0 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| ≥6.0 | 4.303 (2.900–6.383) | <0.001 | 3.017 (1.941–4.690) | <0.001 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h) | 1.013 (1.005–1.021) | 0.002 | ||
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | 1.035 (1.011–1.059) | 0.004 | ||
Abbreviations: APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; INR, international normalized ratio; NLR, neutrophil count/lymphocyte count ratio.