. 2020 Jul 2;275:69–77. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.037

Table 2.

Age and PANAS descriptives, and comparisons of the proportions of respondents with no mental disorder versus respondents with mood disorder endorsing each category of the variables assessing COVID-19 related changes in personal situation, perceptions or behaviours.

		NO MENTAL DISORDER			MOOD DISORDER			COMPARISONS
		n per analysis	Proportion (%)	M(SD)	n per analysis	Proportion (%)	M(SD)	Test statistic	df	P value	Effect size
Age*		3167		42.26(14.11)	1292		37.16 (11.84)	151.60	1,2832.55	<.001	0.39
Positive affect*		3053		25.7(8.33)	1261		22.44(7.61)	154.73	1,2556.40	<.001	0.41
Negative affect*		3053		17.86(6.98)	1261		21.45 (7.86)	198.09	1,2120.2	<.001	0.48
Gender	Male Female	3167	20.7^a 79.3^a		1292	13.5 86.5		31.10	1	<.001	0.08
Job loss	Yes No, reduced hours No but expected No	3155	9.3^a 12.4 7.1 71.2^a		1290	13.6 13.4 7.3 65.7		23.36	3	<.001	0.07
Work from home	Yes No	3165	41.2^a 58.8^a		1291	46.6 53.4		11.18	1	.001	0.05
Work from home difficulty	Very difficult Somewhat difficult No issues	1857	10.2^a 51.1 38.7^a		688	19.6 51.6 28.8		48.46	2	<.001	0.14
Change in non-employment related contact with others outside the home	No change Less time More time	3164	36.1 44.0^a 19.9^a		1292	33.6 49.3 17.1		11.24	2	.001	0.05
Change in exercise behaviour	More Less No change or I do not exercise normally⁺	3166	36.0^a 42.3 21.7		1291	32.1 45.1 22.8		5.97	2	.05	0.04
Change in sleep duration	More Less No change⁺	3165	26.4^a 42.3^a 31.3^a		1291	35.6 46.7 17.7		93.38	2	<.001	0.15
Change in drinking behaviour	More Less No change⁺	3122	28.8^a 13.8 70.7^a		1267	35.4 12.1 52.5		18.68	2	<.001	0.07
Perceived impact of government restrictions on mental health	Positive Negative No impact⁺	3162	25.4^a 54.8^a 19.9^a		1292	18.4 70.0 11.5		91.46	2	<.001	0.14
Expectations about return to ‘normal’	<3 months <6 months <12 months >12 months No idea	3158	4.7^a 29.1^a 38.2^a 17.6 10.4		1286	3.0 23.6 41.8 19.5 12.1		24.14	4	.001	0.07

Note: PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; *Welch test statistics; Effect size is given as Cramer's V for nominal variables and Cohen's d for continuous variables. Bolded p values indicate significant differences between groups overall. ^a indicates significant difference in proportion of response between groups. ⁺ Wording of response category has been slightly changed for readability/consistency. Refer to Supplementary Table 1 for wording provided to respondents.