Table 1. Patients characteristics and univariable analysis of risk factors for post-operative sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
| Variable | Sepsis (n = 35) | Non-sepsis (n = 710) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year), mean (SD) | 49.7 (10.8) | 50.7 (12.1) | 0.625 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.8 (3.7) | 23.9 (3.0) | 0.863 |
| Operation time (min), mean (SD) | 107.6 (32.8) | 101.6 (37.2) | 0.349 |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Male | 11 (2.3) | 462 (97.7) | |
| Female | 24 (8.8) | 248 (91.2) | |
| Stone height, n (%) | 0.775 | ||
| <20 mm | 29 (4.6) | 601 (95.4) | |
| ≥20 mm | 6 (5.2) | 109 (94.8) | |
| Stone laterality, n (%) | 0.911 | ||
| Left | 18 (4.6) | 372 (95.4) | |
| Right | 17 (4.8) | 338 (95.2) | |
| Indwelling stent, n (%) | 0.917 | ||
| Yes | 3 (6.0) | 47 (94.0) | |
| No | 32 (4.6) | 663 (95.4) | |
| Hydronephrosis, n (%) | 0.268 | ||
| Yes | 4 (2.9) | 134 (97.1) | |
| No | 31 (5.1) | 576 (94.9) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0.556 | ||
| Yes | 7 (3.9) | 173 (96.1) | |
| No | 28 (5.0) | 537 (95.0) | |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 1.000 | ||
| Yes | 1 (7.1) | 13 (92.9) | |
| No | 34 (4.7) | 697 (95.3) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1.000 | ||
| Yes | 3 (4.8) | 60 (95.2) | |
| No | 32 (4.7) | 650 (95.3) | |
| Serum cholesterol, n (%) | 0.128 | ||
| <5.17 mmol/L | 34 (5.2) | 617 (94.8) | |
| ≥5.17 mmol/L | 1 (1.1) | 93 (98.9) | |
| Serum creatinine, n (%) | 0.541 | ||
| Normal | 31 (4.9) | 602 (95.1) | |
| Abnormal | 4 (3.6) | 108 (96.4) | |
| Albumin, n (%) | 0.005 | ||
| <35 g/L | 10 (11.2) | 79 (88.8) | |
| ≥35 g/L | 25 (3.8) | 631 (96.2) | |
| Globulin, n (%) | 0.001 | ||
| <30 g/L | 12 (2.6) | 450 (97.4) | |
| ≥30 g/L | 23 (8.1) | 260 (91.9) | |
| AGR, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <1.5 | 33 (6.7) | 457 (93.3) | |
| ≥1.5 | 2 (0.8) | 253 (99.2) | |
| Pre-operative fever, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 9 (17.0) | 44 (83.0) | |
| No | 26 (3.8) | 666 (96.2) | |
| WBC, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <10,000 cells/μL | 25 (3.7) | 659 (96.3) | |
| ≥10,000 cells/μL | 10 (16.4) | 51 (83.6) | |
| Urine culture, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Positive | 13 (14.9) | 74 (85.1) | |
| Negative | 22 (3.3) | 636 (96.7) | |
| Urine WBC, n (%) | 0.001 | ||
| <50 cells/μL | 7 (1.9) | 353 (98.1) | |
| ≥50 cells/μL | 28 (7.3) | 357 (92.7) | |
| Urine nitrite, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Positive | 8 (17.8) | 37 (82.2) | |
| Negative | 27 (3.9) | 673 (96.1) | |
| ASA score, n (%) | 0.591 | ||
| 1 | 18 (5.9) | 286 (94.1) | |
| 2 | 17 (4.0) | 408 (96.0) | |
| 3 | 0 (0.0) | 15 (100.0) | |
| 4 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) |
Note:
BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; AGR, albumin globulin ratio; WBC, white blood cell.