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. 2020 Jul 2;10:10887. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67843-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mucosal SIV copy numbers and CD4⁺ T cells in the colon of SIV-infected animals. (A) Cell-associated SIV DNA and RNA copies were quantified longitudinally in colonic tissue before and after i.v. infection with SIVmac251. (B) CD4⁺ T cells in the colonic lamina propria were quantified by immunohistochemical analysis and the proportion CD45RA^- memory phenotype CD4⁺ cells within mucosal CD3⁺ T cells was determined by flow cytometry before and at different stages of SIV infection. (C) CD4⁺ T cell counts in the peripheral blood were measured in parallel. Mucosal peak viral load was observed on day 7 (black symbols) or on day 14 after infection (grey symbols). Day 7-samples of the three animals, in which mucosal viral load peaked on day 14, represent ‘before peak viral load’ data. Equivalent data samples were not available from animals in which mucosal viral load peaked already on day 7. The chronic phase was analyzed on day 49 after infection. Horizontal solid lines indicate mean values + /− standard deviations. The dashed horizontal line indicates the assay limit of detection. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. VL viral load.