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. 2020 Jul 2;10:10857. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67675-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Theta burst stimulation (TBS) induced synaptic changes in the hippocampal slices. The extracellular field-EPSP (fEPSP) was recorded in hippocampal slices following the stimulation of the Schaffer collateral pathway. (a) An arrow indicates the start of theta burst stimulation (TBS). Note that there is no statistical difference (n.s.) between genotypes. (b) The hippocampal slices were incubated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) for 15 min before the application of TBS (arrow). The black and red dots represent averaged points of fEPSP slope from PHRF1^fl/fl and PHRF1^Δ/Δ mice, respectively (n = 7 slices from 4 PHRF1^fl/fl mice; n = 8 slices from 4 PHRF1^Δ/Δ mice). Upper panel shows the representative tracings before (grey) and after (black) TBS of PHRF1^fl/fl and PHRF1^Δ/Δ mice. (c) At 60 min after TBS, the mean fEPSP values were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Data are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05.