Table 2.

A summarized list of results of Kaplan–Meier plot tool for 53 potential genes categorized based on their stages and literature screening references.

Stages	Rank	Gene symbol	Expression	Overall P value	Related cancers	References
Stage I	1	SMC4	Downregulated	1.7e−14	ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer	38
	2	IRF7	Downregulated	0.1861	Suppressor of an innate immune pathway in breast cancer	38,39
	3	POSTN	Downregulated	0.3289	A factor in preventing and treating breast cancer	38,40
	4	ABAT	Downregulated	8.9e−16	ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer	41
	5	LMOD1	Upregulated	0.1821	Involved in the development of breast cancer	42
	6	TRIM2	Upregulated	0.7228	Invasive and basal-like breast cancer	43,44
	7	CHRDL1	Upregulated	2.4e−8	Malignant breast cancer	45
	8	MFGE8	Upregulated	0.1294	Triple-negative and ER + breast cancers	46,47
	9	GLRX5	Downregulated	0.0001	Breast cancer Neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and those associated with ageing	48
	10	ELF5	Upregulated	0.1522	TNM staging system for all types of breast cancer and metastasis in breast cancer	49,50
	11	CSN2	Upregulated	1.0e−8	Invasive breast cancer triple-negative breast cancer	51,52
	12	PRLR	Downregulated	7.7e−5	Progression of breast carcinoma	53–55
	13	PPAP2B	Upregulated	9.4e−10	Coronary artery disease Breast cancer Tumor growth in breast cancer	56–59
	14	FZD2	Downregulated	3.3e−11	Breast cancer	60–62
	15	FZD7	Upregulated	0.6871	Breast cancer	60–62
	16	GPC4	Downregulated	0.0004	In both MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and MCF-10F (normal-like breast cancer)	63–65
	17	CERS2	Downregulated	0.2238	Less invasive breast cancer	66–68
	18	UGCG	Downregulated	1.1e−10	Triple-negative BC ER-negative BC tumors Lung metastases	69–73
	19	LIPE	Upregulated	0.0051	Prognostic cofactor in BC Cancer lipolysis	74–76
	20	PLIN1	Upregulated	2.6e−5	HER2 tumors Breast cancer Triple-negative breast cancer	77–79
Stage II	1	CCNB2	Downregulated	< 1e−16	Basal-like, HER2, and luminal breast cancers	80–83
	2	OAS3	Downregulated	0.697	Mutated gene in breast cancer	84–86
	3	IRF7	Downregulated	0.1861	Suppressor of an innate immune pathway in breast cancer	38,39
	4	OAS1	Downregulated	0.5676	Development of various cancer types like breast cancer	85–87
	5	CDKN1C	Upregulated	1.9e−5	Breast tumors	88,89
	6	PEG3	Upregulated	0.0029	Several cancers such as breast and ovary cancers	90,91
	7	PHLDA2	Downregulated	4.0e−10	PRL treatment Tumor progression	92,93
	8	PLAGL1	Upregulated	0.3823	Breast cancer patients under radiotherapy treatment	94
	9	SGCE	Upregulated	0.0293	Progression of breast cancer invasion in terms of stromal changes	95
	10	SLC22A18	Downregulated	3.2e−8	Breast cancer	96
	11	SERPING1	Upregulated	1.3e−8	Breast carcinoma cells	97
	12	ACTA2	Upregulated	0.6126	Metastasis of breast cancer cells Dimerization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2	98–100
	13	LCP2	Downregulated	0.7828	Predicting the development of secondary lymphedema followed by breast cancer surgery	101,102
	14	ABCG1	Downregulated	0.2418	High expression level of ABCG1 transporters in MCF-7 cells	103,104
	15	ZFP36L1	Upregulated	0.0507	In all types of breast cancer	105
	16	BICC1	Upregulated	1.0e−10	Cystic renal dysplasia embryonic node, kidney, liver, and pancreas in the mouse Basal-like breast tumors	106,107
	17	SSPN	Upregulated	0.0007	Several types of cancer, including breast invasive cancer	108–110
Stage III	1	FEN1	Downregulated	< 1e−16	High stages of breast cancer Inhibition of the tumor growth	111–113
	2	ADH1B	Upregulated	0.0068	Risk factors for breast cancer	114–116
	3	IRF7	Downregulated	0.1861	Suppressor of an innate immune pathway in breast cancer	38,39
	4	ACTA2	Upregulated	0.6126	Metastasis of breast cancer cells Dimerization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2	98–100
	5	CLDN5	Upregulated	9.4e−6	In both breast tumor stromal (BTS) and prostate tumor stromal (PTS)	117,118
	6	SLC31A1	Downregulated	0.4854	Progression of breast cancer	119,120
	7	FBLN1	Upregulated	3.6e−5	In several types of cancer, including breast cancer	121,122
	8	MFAP4	Upregulated	5.8e−9	In cell adhesion, motility, invasion, and metastasis of BC	95,123,124
	9	COL1A2	Downregulated	0.4121	High expression level at higher stages of breast cancer	125–127
	10	ASPN	Downregulated	0.2608	Upregulated expression in breast cancer	128,129
Stage IV	1	NUSAP1	Upregulated	< 1e−16	A potential biomarker clinically correlated with breast cancer	130,131
	2	COL6A2	Downregulated	0.0038	Important role in breast cancer development	132,133
	3	HIST1H2BD	Upregulated	0.2745	ER-positive breast cancer In breast cancer development	42,134
	4	HIST1H2BH	Upregulated	0.0006	ER-positive breast cancer In breast cancer development	42,134
	5	HIST1H2BK	Upregulated	8.6e−8	ER-positive breast cancer In breast cancer development	42,134
	6	HIST2H2BE	Upregulated	0.1077	ER-positive breast cancer In breast cancer development	42,134
Integrated group	1	KIF11	Upregulated	< 1e−16	Triple-negative breast cancer	135,136
	2	IRF7	Upregulated	0.1861	Suppressor of an innate immune pathway in breast cancer	38,39
	3	OAS1	Downregulated	0.5676	Development of various cancer types like breast cancer	85–87
	4	OAS3	Downregulated	0.697	Mutated gene in breast cancer	84–86
	5	SGCE	Upregulated	0.0293	Progression of breast cancer invasion in terms of stromal changes	95
	6	ALDH7A1	Downregulated	0.0208	Breast cancer Potent marker in different types of cancer like prostate cancer	137–139
	7	ABCG1	Downregulated	0.2418	Breast cancer	140
	8	C1S	Downregulated	1.2e−6	HER2-positive and basal-like breast cancer	140