Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of Included Studies.
| Study | Baseline characteristics | Number of patients | Study design | Age, mean/median | Female, n (%) | Comorbidities |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COPD | Hypertension | Cardiovascular | Cerebrovascular | Chronic liver disease | Diabetes mellitus | Cancer | Chronic kidney disease | ||||||
| Qin et al, 2020 [15] | Non-severe | 166 | Retrospective review | 53 | 86 (51.8) | 3 (1.8) | 30 (18.1) | 3 (1.8) | 3 (1.8) | 3 (1.8) | 22 (13.3) | 4 (2.4) | 4 (2.4) |
| Severe | 286 | 53 | 131 (45.8) | 9 (3.1) | 105 (36.7) | 24 (8.4) | 8 (2.8) | 3 (1.0) | 53 (18.5) | 10 (3.5) | 6 (2.1) | ||
| Liu et al, 2020 [16] | Non-severe | 44 | Prospective review | 41 | 23 (52.3) | 2 (4.5) | 6 (13.6) | 0 (0) | - | - | 2 (4.5) | - | - |
| Severe | 17 | 56 | 7 (41.2) | 3 (17.6) | 6 (35.3) | 1 (5.9) | - | - | 3 (17.6) | - | - | ||
| Yang et al, 2020 [17] | Non-severe | 69 | Retrospective review | 42.1 | 31 (44.9) | - | 7 (10.1) | 4 (5.8) | - | 9 (13.0) | 8 (11.6) | 2 (2.9) | |
| Severe | 24 | 57.9 | 6 (25) | - | 16 (66.8) | 9 (37.5) | - | 4 (16.7) | 13 (54.2) | 8 (33.3) | |||
| Xia et al, 2020 [18] | Non-severe | 7 | Case series | 54 | 2 (28.6) | - | 1 (14) | - | - | 1 (14) | - | - | - |
| Severe | 3 | 61.6 | 2 (66.7) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Zhang et al, 2020 [19] | Non-severe | 81 | Retrospective review | 59.3 | 42 (52.8) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Severe | 67 | 60.8 | 29 (43.3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Qu et al, 2020 [20] | Non-severe | 27 | Case series | 49.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Severe | 3 | 60 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Ye et al, 2020 [21] | Survivor | 297 | Retrospective review | 60 | 160 (53.9) | - | 73 (24.6) | - | - | - | 41 (13.8) | - | - |
| Non-survivor | 52 | 69 | 16 (30.8) | - | 30 (57.7) | - | - | - | 16 (30.8) | - | - | ||
| Zhang et al, 2020 [22] | Non-severe | 84 | Retrospective review | 44 | 55 (65.5) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Severe | 31 | 64.6 | 11 (35.5) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Sun et al, 2020 [23] | Non-severe | 89 | Retrospective review | 47 | 47 (52.8) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Severe | 27 | 62 | 9 (33.3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Song et al, 2020 [24] | Non-severe | 31 | Retrospective review | 48 | 30 (71.4) | 1 (3.2) | 4 (12.9) | 1 (3.2) | - | 3 (9.7) | 2 (6.5) | - | - |
| Severe | 42 | 55.5 | 12 (28.6) | 2 (4.8) | 22 (52.4) | 4 (9.5) | - | 1 (2.4) | 4 (9.5) | - | - | ||
| Gong et al, 2020 [25] | Non-severe | 161 | Retrospective review | 45 | 89 (55.3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Severe | 28 | 63.5 | 12 (42.9) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Ma et al, 2020 [26] | Non-severe | 17 | Retrospective review | 61 | 7 (41.1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17 (100) | - |
| Severe | 20 | 65.5 | 10 (50) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20 (100) | - | ||
| Wei et al, 2020 [27] | Non-severe | 137 | Did not mention | 40.83 | 62 (45.3) | 2 (1.5) | - | 17 (12.4) | 2 (1.5) | - | 4 (2.9) | - | - |
| Severe | 30 | 49.03 | 10 (33.3) | 2 (6.7) | - | 7 (23.3) | 0 | - | 7 (23.3) | - | - | ||
| Zhang et al, 2020 [28] | Recovered | 50 | Retrospective review | 62.6 | 14 (28) | 4 (8) | 18 (36) | 11 (22) | 4 (8) | 5 (10) | - | - | |
| Death | 10 | 70.6 | 3 (30) | 2 (20) | 4 (40) | 3 (30) | 2 (20) | 4 (40) | - | - | |||
| Zhu et al, 2020 [29] | Non-severe | 111 | Retrospective review | 50 | 38 (34.2) | 4 (3.6) | 23 (20.7) | 4 (3.6) | 5 (4.5) | 10 (9) | 4 (3.6) | - | |
| Severe | 16 | 57.5 | 7 (43.8) | 2 (12.5) | 8 (50) | 2 (12.5) | 2 (12.5) | 0 | 1 (6.25) | - | |||
| Zhang et al, 2020 [30] | Survivors | 268 | Case-control studies | 56 | 131 (48.9) | 3 (1.12) | 64 (23.9) | 30 (11.2) | 7 (2.6) | 7 (2.6) | 34 (12.7) | 8 (3) | 2 (0.8) |
| Non-survivors | 47 | 66 | 9 (19.1) | 0 | 14 (29.8) | 5 (10.6) | 0 | 2 (4.3) | 7 (14.9) | 4 (8.5) | 0 | ||
| Liu et al, 2020 [31] | Non-severe | 43 | Retrospective review | 55 | 17 (39.5) | 0 | 13 (30.2) | 0 | 4 (9.3) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (4.7) | 0 | - |
| Severe | 79 | 65 | 33 (41.8) | 2 (2.5) | 37 (46.8) | 2 (2.5) | 6 (7.6) | 2 (2.5) | 13 (16.5) | 1 (1.3) | - | ||
| Ma et al, 2020 [32] | Non-severe | 572 | Retrospective review | 44 | 273 (47.7) | - | 90 (15.7) | - | - | - | 29 (5.1) | - | - |
| Severe | 63 | 53.3 | 34 (54) | - | 15 (24) | - | - | - | 6 (10) | - | - | ||
| Cheng et al, 2020 [33] | Survivors | 67 | Retrospective review | 70.6 | 45 (67.2) | 7 (10.4) | 39 (58.2) | 11 (16.4) | 1 (1.5) | 11 (16.4) | 2 (3) | 3 (4.5) | |
| Non-survivors | 51 | 73.1 | 20 (39.2) | 6 (11.8) | 25 (49) | 12 (23.5) | 0 | 16 (31.4) | 0 | 3 (5.9) | |||
| Chen et al, 2020 [34] | Non-severe | 241 | Retrospective review | 42.1 | 123 | 5 (2.1) | 20 (8.3) | 7 (3) | 5 (2.1) | 13 (5.4) | 15 (6.2) | 2 (0.8) | 1 (0.4) |
| Severe | 50 | 60.5 | 23 (46) | 5 (10) | 19 (38) | 5 (10) | 3 (6) | 2 (4) | 7 (14) | 0 | 1 (2) | ||
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.