Table 3. Important biomarkers for assessment of new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in old age.

IA-2 antibody: islet antigen 2 antibody, anti-GAD65 antibody: anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody.

Biomarker	Results	Normal
C-peptide level	0.1 ng/ml	0.9–7.1 ng/ml
Glucagon level	17 pg/ml	8–57 pg/ml
Anti-GAD65 antibody	<5 IU/ml	<5 IU/ml
Insulin antibody	<0.4 U/ml	<0.4 U/ml
IA-2 antibody	<0.8 U/ml	<0.8 U/ml
Zinc transporter 8 antibody	<10 U/ml	<15 U/ml
Amylase	53 U/L	28–100 U/L
Lipase	62 U/L	<60 U/L