Table 4. Risk factors for NCDs among key populations living with HIV at SWOP Clinics in Nairobi, Kenya, 2012–15.

Characteristics	Categories	N	Any NCD		Unadjusted Odds Ratio		Adjusted Odds Ratio
			n	% [95% C.I]	OR [95% CI]	p-value	OR [95% CI]	p-value
Age in years	15–25	138	15	10.9 [6.2–17.3]	Reference		Reference
	25–34	601	75	12.5 [9.9–15.4]	1.17 [0.65–2.11]	0.602	0.87 [0.45–1.67]	0.672
	35–44	512	108	21.1 [17.6–24.9]	2.19 [1.23–3.90]	0.008	1.53 [0.79–2.95]	0.209
	45+	224	73	32.6 [26.5–39.2]	3.96 [2.17–7.26]	0.001	2.10 [0.98–4.49]	0.055
Sex	Female	1392	258	18.5 [16.5–20.7]	Reference		Reference
	Male	86	13	15.1[8.3–24.5]	0.78 [0.43–1.43]	0.428	1.39 [0.69–2.79]	0.354
Smoking	No	918	160	17.4 [15.0–20.0]	Reference		Reference
	Yes	116	23	19.8 [13.0–28.3]	1.17 [0.72–1.91]	0.524	1.17 [0.67–2.04]	0.583
Alcohol Use	No	420	70	16.7 [13.2–20.6]	Reference		Reference
	Yes	979	180	18.4 [16.0–21.0]	1.13 [0.83–1.53]	0.442	0.95 [0.66–1.38]	0.794
Drug Use	No	1336	250	18.7 [16.7–20.9]	Reference		Reference
	Yes	125	16	12.8 [7.5–20.0]	0.64 [0.37–1.10]	0.104	1.25 [0.66–2.39]	0.5
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)	<18.5	80	8	10.0 [4.4–18.8]	Reference		Reference
	18.5–24.9	647	79	12.2 [9.8–15.0]	1.25 [0.58–2.70]	0.566	1.21 [0.49–3.00]	0.680
	25–29.9	420	83	19.8 [16.1–23.9]	2.22 [1.03–4.78]	0.042	1.73 [0.69–4.39]	0.246
	30+	301	98	32.6 [27.3–38.2]	4.34 [2.01–9.38]	0.001	2.87 [1.11–7.41]	0.029
ART Regimen	NRTI based	1462	268	18.3 [16.4–20.4]	Reference		N/A
	PI based	16	3	18.8 [4.1–45.6]	1.03 [0.29–3.63]	0.966
CD4	<200	257	34	13.2 [9.3–18.0]	Reference		Reference
	200–349	405	82	20.3 [16.4–24.5]	1.67 [1.08–2.57]	0.022	1.42 [0.86–2.35]	0.171
	350–499	326	67	20.6 [16.3–25.4]	1.70 [1.08–2.66]	0.021	1.25 [0.72–2.16]	0.431
	500+	404	84	20.8 [16.9–25.1]	1.72 [1.11–2.66]	0.014	1.08 [0.63–1.86]	0.780
Previous TB history	No	1471	269	18.3 [16.3–20.4]	Reference		N/A
	Yes	6	1	16.7 [0.4–64.1]	0.89 [0.10–7.68]	0.918
Sex Partner Type	Casual client	282	51	18.1 [13.8–23.1]	Reference		N/A
	Regular client	78	8	10.3 [4.5–19.2]	0.51 [0.23–1.14]	0.103
	Regular client + Partner +Casual Client	621	116	18.7 [15.7–22.0]	1.04 [0.72–1.50]	0.831
	Regular Partner	15	2	13.3 [1.7–40.5]	0.70 [0.15–3.18]	0.641

NCD: Non-communicable diseases. CI: Confidence interval.