Figure4. Cardiac Fibroblasts Increase CCL11/Eotaxin-1 Expression and Production When Co-cultured with IL-33-Stimulated ILC2s, and the Expression of Eotaxins and Type 2 Cytokines Is Dependent on ILCs.

(A) Expression of the Ccl11 gene encoding eotaxin-1 in heart homogenates was analyzed by qPCR.

(B) Schematic description of cardiac fibroblasts co-culture with ILC2s separated by 0.4-μm transwell.

(C) Expression of Ccl11 in cardiac fibroblasts was analyzed by qPCR.

(D) Eotaxin-1 concentrations in cell culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. IL-2 and IL-7 were included in culture media and IL-33 was added where indicated (C and D).

(E–H) Expression of genes in heart homogenates from WT, Rag2^−/−, and Rag2^−/−Il2rg^−/− mice treated with IL-33 was analyzed by qPCR. Ccl11 (E), Ccl24 (F), Il5 (G), and Il13 (H).

(I) Immunohistochemistry staining for CCL11 of heart sections from WT mice treated with PBS or IL-33. Bars: 50 μm.

Data are representative of two independent experiments and displayed as the mean with SD. Unpaired t test (A) or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (C–H) was used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

See also Figure S5.