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. 2020 Jul 2;28(8):977–984. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.06.019

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© 2020 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 3 — The effects of Cov-2 virus on the RAAS. Cov-2 (CoV in yellow triangle) binds to ACE2, reducing the number of active ACE2 molecules. Thick arrows show diversion of precursors into the ACE1 product signalling pathways; thin arrows show diminished ACE2 product signalling pathways. The system is shifted towards pro-inflammatory pathways. Colour coding: red for generally pro-inflammatory pathways (arrows) and agents, blue for generally anti-inflammatory pathways (arrows) and agents. Abbreviations: ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; AT1-R: AT1-receptor; AT2-R: AT2-receptor; AT4-R: AT4-receptor; CoV: Cov-2 virus bound to ACE2; mas-R: mas-receptor; MCR: mineralocorticoid receptor. For general description, see Fig. 1.